Walden NURS8200 Week 2 Discussion

Think back to the material you learned in Week 5 about t tests and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Recall that these two types of parametric tests are used to examine the differences in the means of data sets to determine the relationships between variables. For example, when diagnosed with diabetes, does participating in a nutritional program improve weight loss and reduce blood sugar levels? You may also recall that parametric tests assume normal distributions and equal variations among data sets. A limitation of parametric tests lies in the reality that not all experimental data follow these patterns. 

Because of this, nonparametric statistical methods were developed to analyze data sets that do not follow normal patterns of distribution and do not have consistent variation. There are many types of nonparametric methods that are useful in different situations and for different purposes. This week, you examine the application of nonparametric statistical analysis methods.

You will also begin working to complete the National Institute of Health human subject’s protection training course. As you know, there are many ethical considerations when conducting research, and Walden University requires that all students complete this training prior to conducting any research activities.

Learning Objectives

Students will:

• Analyze the use of nonparametric statistical tests in a research study
• Assess a common type of statistical analysis in your practice area
• Successfully complete the human protection in research training. 
  

Photo Credit: [alexaldo]/[iStock / Getty Images Plus]/Getty Images

Learning Resources: 

Note: To access this week’s required library resources, please click on the link to the Course Readings List, found in the Course Materials section of your Syllabus.

Required Readings

Gray, J.R., Grove, S.K., & Sutherland, S. (2017). Burns and Grove’s the practice of nursing research: Appraisal, synthesis, and generation of evidence (8th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Saunders Elsevier.

Chapter 25, “Using Statistics to Determine Differences”NURS 8200: Quantitative Methods: Nonparametrics Assignment Paper

Statistics and Data Analysis for Nursing Research

Chapter 8, “Chi-Square and Nonparametric Tests”. This chapter defines nonparametric tests and chi-square tests of independence. Nonparametric tests measure nominal or ordinal variables, whereas chi-square tests are used to draw conclusions about population differences.

Fisher, K., Orkin, F., & Frazer, C. (2010). Utilizing conjoint analysis to explicate health care decision making by emergency department nurses: A feasibility study. Applied Nursing Research, 23(1), 30–35. doi:10.1016/j.apnr.2008.03.004

Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

This article describes a study that employed conjoint analysis, a measurement technique incorporating simulation into experimental design to generate a mathematical model of individual decision making. The study focused on nurses’ decisions related to the care of patients with intellectual disability and used contingency tables and nonparametric tests to analyze the data.NURS 8200: Quantitative Methods: Nonparametrics Assignment Paper

Tjia, J., Field, T., Garber, L., Donovan, J., Kanaan, A., Raebel, M., … Gurwitz, J. (2010). Development and pilot testing of guidelines to monitor high-risk medications in the ambulatory setting. American Journal of Managed Care, 16(7), 489–496.

Development and pilot testing of guidelines to monitor high-risk medications in the ambulatory setting. American Journal of Managed Care, 16(7) by Tjia, J., Field, T., Garber, L., Donovan, J., Kanaan, A., Raebel, M., & Gurwitz, J. Copyright 2010 by INTELLISPHERE, LLC. Reprinted by permission of INTELLISPHERE, LLC via the Copyright Clearance Center. This article discusses a pilot test that aimed to catalog safety intervention trials by monitoring high-risk medications for efficacy, safety, and drug interactions. The statistical analysis of the study’s data included the use of nonparametric tests to examine trends across ordered groups of drugs.

NIH Office of Extramural Research (n.d.). Protecting human research participants. Retrieved August 1, 2011, from http://phrp.nihtraining.com/users/login.php

You will begin the NIH training program this week, which prepares you to conduct research with human participants.

Optional Resources

Walden University. (n.d.). Nonparametrics. Retrieved August 1, 2011, from

http://streaming.waldenu.edu/hdp/researchtutorials/educ8106_player/educ8106_nonparametric_tests.html

NURS 8200 Week 8: Quantitative Methods: Nonparametrics Assignment

NURS 8200 Week 8 Discussion SAMPLE

Tjia, J. et al., (2010). Development and Pilot Testing of Guidelines to Monitor High-Rist           Medications in the Ambulatory Setting. The American Journal of Managed Care. Vol. 16 No. 7 pp 489-496.NURS 8200: Quantitative Methods: Nonparametrics Assignment Paper

Article 1 (Tjia J. et al.)

The aim and purpose of the research is to formulate guidelines that can help in checking high-risk medications and evaluate the frequency of laboratory testing for medications. The study was carried out by advisory committee that is composed of national experts and influential community leaders. They used a 2-round internet-based Delphi method to make a selection that was based on the importance of monitoring efficacy. Recommendations were developed by academic pharmacists. The results were produced; a consensus on medication to include the specifications was achieved in two rounds. The frequency of monitoring was between less than 50% and greater than 90%. Parametric methods are not appropriate for statistical analysis because specific figures are not produced but a range of figures. This makes analysis a little complex and may not give definite results. Some of the strength of the study is that the processes are clear and can be easily understood. The methods can be adopted by anyone. The weakness of the study is that only generalized results are obtained therefore this makes it hard to give definite answers to the questions during analysis. The findings and recommendations can be used to weigh the potential benefits associated with the results and use it to come up with the best ways of improving the system.

Fisher, C. et al., (2010).  Conjoint analysis to Explicate health care decisions making by emergency department nurses: A feasibility study. Applied Nursing Research 2(2010) 30- 35.

Article 2 (Fisher, C. et al.)

The goal and objective of the study is to find out the viability of using clinical simulation to be able to know alternative decision making by nurses in the emergency department. The groups targeted are individuals with intellectual disability. ED nurses placed themselves in the role of decision making for a person with ID and the use of clinical scenario developed with ID nurses together with 2 ED nurses. Each nurse was then asked to complete a simulation task.  Parametric methods are not appropriate for statistical analysis because there is generalization which may not be accounted for at the end. Cluster analysis helped in the identification nurses whose patterns were similar and were based on the utilities of the factors. The findings and recommendations of the above study can contribute to evidence-based practice because the nurses will be able to serve their clients in both institutional and community settings effectively. This can lead a more unified and a healthy society.

References

Tjia, J. et al., (2010). Development and Pilot Testing of Guidelines to Monitor High-Rist           Medications in the Ambulatory Setting. The American Journal of Managed Care. Vol. 16 No. 7 pp 489-496.

Fisher, C. et al., (2010).  Conjoint analysis to Explicate health care decisions making by emergency department nurses: A feasibility study. Applied Nursing Research 2(2010) 30-35. Walden NURS8200 Week 2 Discussion