Research Critique PICOT Statement Example Paper

Research Critique PICOT Statement Example Paper

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PICOT statement

Population: Patients in an acute care setting
Intervention: Does hourly rounding
Comparison: Compared to responding to call lights
Outcome: Reduce the rate of patient fall incidents
Timeline: During patient stay at hospital
Question: Does hourly rounding reduce the rate of patient fall incidents and consequential injuries?

Patients in an acute care setting (P), does hourly rounding (I), compared to responding to call lights (C), reduce the rate of patient fall incidents (O), during patient stay at hospital (T)? Research critique picot statement paper example.

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Introduction

Patient falls are a common occurrence within the hospitals especially within the critical care unit. Patient fall can be described as a situation in which a patient falls from a resting bed or falls as he or she attempts to walk within the unit. Patient fall may be caused by many factors such as polypharmacy, failure in diagnosis and failure in assessment of the patient by the care giver. All the same, there have been tireless efforts by the hospital administrators, nurses as well as researchers to try and get a lasting solution to minimize patient fall. There have been technological introductions such as the call lights which are fixed at the patient bed so that the patient may use them to seek for help from care givers or the nurses when they are feeling uncomfortable and need immediate attention. However, due to scarcity of nursing personnel in our hospitals, some call lights takes longer to be responded to. Another way boosting the hourly rounding is by increasing the number of staffs to increase the rate of rounding per day to ensure there is enough surveillance within the unit. These include monitoring and occasional assessment of the patient. However, there is no single most effective method of preventing patient fall and a combination of technology based methods as well as hourly rounding paramount in reducing patient fall. Research critique picot statement paper example.

Quantitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations

The author sought to establish if the call light use rate and the average time to call light can affect the rate of falls and consequential injuries in an acute care setting. The author used archived data from the hospital to find out if the rate at which the call light was used and the average response time would contribute to patient falls and serious injuries as a result. The researchers were able to establish that high rate of patient calls resulted in less patient fall and prevented injuries (Tzeng & Yin, 2009). They also found that high rate of call light use led to longer response times, although the longer response to call light was lesser the fall rate and injuries. The authors were clear in the statement of the problem as well as the research questions (Tzeng & Yin, 2009). The methods used adequately adhered to the ethics of medical practice. The findings presented by the authors are meaningful and highly applicable in the acute care setting to prevent high patient fall and consequential injuries by responding to call lights as signaled by the patients. Research critique picot statement paper example.
This paper will conduct an appraisal of the study Tzeng & Yin (2009) so as to determine its findings and how they can be applied in nursing practice. It shall also establish the methods of study and determine whether the researchers considered ethical issues while conducting the study.

Research Critique Guidelines

To write a critical appraisal that demonstrates comprehension of the research study conducted, address each component below for qualitative study in the Topic 2 assignment and the quantitative study in the Topic 3 assignment. Research critique picot statement paper example.

Successful completion of this assignment requires that you provide a rationale, include examples, or reference content from the study in your responses.

Qualitative Study

Background of Study:

· Identify the clinical problem and research problem that led to the study. What was not known about the clinical problem that, if understood, could be used to improve health care delivery or patient outcomes? This gap in knowledge is the research problem. Research critique picot statement paper example.

· How did the author establish the significance of the study? In other words, why should the reader care about this study? Look for statements about human suffering, costs of treatment, or the number of people affected by the clinical problem.

· Identify the purpose of the study. An author may clearly state the purpose of the study or may describe the purpose as the study goals, objectives, or aims.

· List research questions that the study was designed to answer. If the author does not explicitly provide the questions, attempt to infer the questions from the answers.

· Were the purpose and research questions related to the problem?

Method of Study:

· Were qualitative methods appropriate to answer the research questions?

· Did the author identify a specific perspective from which the study was developed? If so, what was it?

· Did the author cite quantitative and qualitative studies relevant to the focus of the study? What other types of literature did the author include?

· Are the references current? For qualitative studies, the author may have included studies older than the 5-year limit typically used for quantitative studies. Findings of older qualitative studies may be relevant to a qualitative study. Research critique picot statement paper example.

· Did the author evaluate or indicate the weaknesses of the available studies?

· Did the literature review include adequate information to build a logical argument?

· When a researcher uses the grounded theory method of qualitative inquiry, the researcher may develop a framework or diagram as part of the findings of the study. Was a framework developed from the study findings?

Results of Study

· What were the study findings?

· What are the implications to nursing?

· Explain how the findings contribute to nursing knowledge/science. Would this impact practice, education, administration, or all areas of nursing? Research critique picot statement paper example.

Ethical Considerations

· Was the study approved by an Institutional Review Board?

· Was patient privacy protected?

· Were there ethical considerations regarding the treatment or lack of?

Conclusion

· Emphasize the importance and congruity of the thesis statement.

· Provide a logical wrap-up to bring the appraisal to completion and to leave a lasting impression and take-away points useful in nursing practice.

· Incorporate a critical appraisal and a brief analysis of the utility and applicability of the findings to nursing practice. Research critique picot statement paper example.

· Integrate a summary of the knowledge learned.

Quantitative Study

Background of Study:

· Identify the clinical problem and research problem that led to the study. What was not known about the clinical problem that, if understood, could be used to improve health care delivery or patient outcomes? This gap in knowledge is the research problem.

· How did the author establish the significance of the study? In other words, why should the reader care about this study? Look for statements about human suffering, costs of treatment, or the number of people affected by the clinical problem. Research critique picot statement paper example.

· Identify the purpose of the study. An author may clearly state the purpose of the study or may describe the purpose as the study goals, objectives, or aims.

· List research questions that the study was designed to answer. If the author does not explicitly provide the questions, attempt to infer the questions from the answers.

· Were the purpose and research questions related to the problem?

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Methods of Study

· Identify the benefits and risks of participation addressed by the authors. Were there benefits or risks the authors do not identify?

· Was informed consent obtained from the subjects or participants?

· Did it seem that the subjects participated voluntarily in the study?

· Was institutional review board approval obtained from the agency in which the study was conducted?

· Are the major variables (independent and dependent variables) identified and defined? What were these variables?

· How were data collected in this study?

· What rationale did the author provide for using this data collection method?

· Identify the time period for data collection of the study.

· Describe the sequence of data collection events for a participant.

· Describe the data management and analysis methods used in the study.

· Did the author discuss how the rigor of the process was assured? For example, does the author describe maintaining a paper trail of critical decisions that were made during the analysis of the data? Was statistical software used to ensure accuracy of the analysis? Research critique picot statement paper example.

· What measures were used to minimize the effects of researcher bias (their experiences and perspectives)? For example, did two researchers independently analyze the data and compare their analyses?

Results of Study

· What is the researcher’s interpretation of findings?

· Are the findings valid or an accurate reflection of reality? Do you have confidence in the findings?

· What limitations of the study were identified by researchers?

· Was there a coherent logic to the presentation of findings?

· What implications do the findings have for nursing practice? For example, can the findings of the study be applied to general nursing practice, to a specific population, or to a specific area of nursing? Research critique picot statement paper example.

· What suggestions are made for further studies?

Ethical Considerations

· Was the study approved by an Institutional Review Board?

· Was patient privacy protected?

· Were there ethical considerations regarding the treatment or lack of?

Conclusion

· Emphasize the importance and congruity of the thesis statement.

· Provide a logical wrap-up to bring the appraisal to completion and to leave a lasting impression and take-away points useful in nursing practice.

· Incorporate a critical appraisal and a brief analysis of the utility and applicability of the findings to nursing practice.

· Integrate a summary of the knowledge learned.

Reference

Burns, N., & Grove, S. (2011). Understanding nursing research (5th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.

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RUBRIC – Research Critique PICOT Statement Example Paper

	1 Unsatisfactory0-71% 0.00%	2 Less Than Satisfactory72-75% 75.00%	3 Satisfactory76-79% 79.00%	4 Good80-89% 89.00%	5 Excellent90-100% 100.00%
65.0 %Content
3.0 % Research Problem and Purpose	The research problem or purpose of study is not mentioned.	There are some inaccuracies in describing the research problem.	The research problem and purpose are present and mostly accurate. Research critique picot statement paper example.	The research problem and purpose are described with reference to nursing.	The problem and purpose of the study are clearly articulated, and their importance to nursing is addressed.
3.0 % Research Objective, Questions, or Hypotheses	The research objective, questions, or hypotheses are not mentioned. Does not mention research objective, questions or hypotheses.	There are some inaccuracies describing the research objective, questions or hypotheses.	The research objective, questions, or hypotheses are present and mostly accurate.	The research objective, questions, or hypotheses are described and related to study methods.	Research question is clearly and accurately described and is congruent with research purpose, method, and worldview of researcher.
3.0 % Literature Review	Literature review is not mentioned.	There are some inaccuracies describing the literature review.	The literature review elements are discussed and support the purpose of the study. Research critique picot statement paper example.	The literature review and how it supports the purpose of the study are described.	The literature review critique is thorough and clear, and supports the purpose and research question.
3.0 % Conceptual/ Theoretical Framework – Qualitative	The conceptual/ theoretical framework is not mentioned.	There are some inaccuracies in describing the conceptual/theoretical framework.	The conceptual/theoretical framework elements are present and mostly accurate.	The conceptual/theoretical framework is described.	The conceptual/theoretical framework is thorough, clear, and accurately described using research terminology.
3.0 % Protection of Human Participants	Protection of human participants is not critiqued.	Some of the study tools are critiqued. Ethical issues are not addressed for quantitative design.	The study tools are critiqued. Ethical issues are discussed for quantitative design.	The study tools are critiqued using research terminology. Ethical issues are addressed for quantitative design.	The study tools are thorough, clear and accurately critiqued using research terminology. Ethical issues are addressed for quantitative design.
3.0 % Data Collection	Data collection methods are not critiqued.	Data collection methods are critiqued, but not to the full extent or not including ethical issues.	Data collection methods and potential biases are reviewed. Ethical issues are described. Interview or data collection processes are presented.	Data collection methods are critiqued and potential biases are reviewed. Ethical issues are described. Interview or data collection processes are critiqued.	Data collection methods are fully critiqued, and potential biases are addressed. Potential ethical issues, interview or data collection processes are critiqued.
5.0 % Problem Statement in PICOT Format	No problem statement is provided.	The critique of the problem statement is provided, but is missing criteria as indicated in the writing guidelines. There are some inaccuracies describing the elements associated with the PICOT statement.	The critique of the problem statement meets all criteria of the writing guidelines. The PICOT is present and most of the elements and description are mostly accurate. Research critique picot statement paper example.	The critique of the problem statement meets all criteria of the writing guidelines in a detailed and comprehensive manner. The PICOT statement is described and related to the research question or problem of the study.	The critique of the problem statement meets all criteria of the writing guidelines in a detailed and comprehensive manner while demonstrating deeper understanding by incorporating prior learning or thoughtful reflection. The PICOT statement is clearly and accurately described and is congruent with the description of the research question or problem of the study.
3.0 % Data Analysis or Data Management	Data analysis or management is not critiqued.	Data analysis is described. Significance and nonsignificance are explained; generalization and implications to nursing practice are not fully addressed. Conclusions are vague.	Data analysis is described and linked to research questions. Results are explained, and implications to nursing practice are reviewed. Conclusions are presented.	Data analysis is critiqued and tied to research questions. Results are explained. Generalization and implications to nursing practice are reviewed. Conclusions are tied back to purpose of study.	Data analysis is accurately critiqued and linked to research questions. Significance and nonsignificance are explained. Generalization and implications to nursing practice are reviewed. Conclusions are tied back to purpose of study and literature review.
6.0 % Implications for Practice and Future Research	The quality of the study and implications for nursing practice and future research are not addressed.	The quality of the study and implications for nursing practice and future research are mentioned but not fully addressed.	The quality of the study and implications for nursing practice and future research are addressed and explained.	The quality of the study and implications for nursing practice and future research are addressed and explained with specific suggestions mentioned.	The quality of the study and implications for nursing practice and future research are addressed and explained in detail, including specific suggestions.
3.0 % Conclusion	Conclusion does not summarize a critical appraisal and applicability of findings.	Conclusion is vague and does not discuss importance to nursing. Research critique picot statement paper example.	Conclusion summarizes utility of the research and importance to nursing practice.	Conclusion summarizes utility of the research from the critical appraisal and the findings importance to nursing practice.	Conclusion summarizes utility of the research from the critical appraisal, knowledge learned, and the importance of the findings to nursing practice.
5.0 % Identifies a Nursing Practice Problem	A nursing practice problem is not clearly described.	PICOT describes a nursing practice problem but lacks reliable sources.	A nursing practice problem is described with a few reliable sources.	PICOT articulates a nursing practice problem using supporting information from reliable sources.	PICOT clearly articulates a problem relevant to nursing practice. PICOT supports the nursing practice problem with current research.
5.0 % PICOT Statement, Research Article, and Nursing Practice Problem Link	Discussion of the link between the PICOT statement, research articles, and nursing practice problem is not included.	Discussion of the link between the PICOT statement, research articles, and nursing practice problem is incomplete or incorrect.	Discussion of the link between the PICOT statement, research articles, and nursing practice problem is included but lacks relevant details and supporting explanation.	Discussion of the link between the PICOT statement, research articles, and nursing practice problem is complete and includes relevant details and supporting explanation.	Discussion of the link between the PICOT statement, research articles, and nursing practice problem is extremely thorough with substantial relevant details and extensive supporting explanation.
5.0 % Proposed Evidence-Based Practice Change	The proposed evidence-based practice change is not included.	The proposed evidence-based practice change is incomplete or incorrect.	The proposed evidence-based practice change is included but lacks supporting explanation and relevant details.	The proposed evidence-based practice change is complete and includes supporting explanation and relevant details.	The proposed evidence-based practice change is extremely thorough and includes substantial supporting explanation and numerous relevant details.
15.0 % Evidence of Revision	Final paper does not demonstrate incorporation of feedback or evidence of revision.	Incorporation of feedback or evidence of revision is incomplete.	Incorporation of feedback and evidence of revision are present.	Evidence of incorporation of feedback and revision is clearly provided.	Evidence of incorporation of feedback and revision is comprehensive and thoroughly developed.
30.0 %  Organizationand Effectiveness
10.0 % Thesis Developmentand Purpose	Paper lacks any discernible overall purpose or organizing claim.	Thesis is insufficiently developed or vague. Purpose is not clear.	Thesis is apparent and appropriate to purpose.	Thesis is clear and forecasts the development of the paper. Thesis is descriptive and reflective of the arguments and appropriate to the purpose.	Thesis is comprehensive and contains the essence of the paper. Thesis statement makes the purpose of the paper clear.
10.0 % Argument Logic and Construction	Statement of purpose is not justified by the conclusion. The conclusion does not support the claim made. Argument is incoherent and uses noncredible sources.	Sufficient justification of claims is lacking. Argument lacks consistent unity. There are obvious flaws in the logic. Some sources have questionable credibility.	Argument is orderly, but may have a few inconsistencies. The argument presents minimal justification of claims. Argument logically, but not thoroughly, supports the purpose. Sources used are credible. Introduction and conclusion bracket the thesis.	Argument shows logical progressions. Techniques of argumentation are evident. There is a smooth progression of claims from introduction to conclusion. Most sources are authoritative.	Clear and convincing argument that presents a persuasive claim in a distinctive and compelling manner. All sources are authoritative.
10.0 %Mechanics of Writing (includes spelling, punctuation, grammar, language use)	Surface errors are pervasive enough that they impede communication of meaning. Inappropriate word choice and/or sentence construction are used.	Frequent and repetitive mechanical errors distract the reader. Inconsistencies in language choice (register), sentence structure, and/or word choice are present.	Some mechanical errors or typos are present, but are not overly distracting to the reader. Correct sentence structure and audience-appropriate language are used.	Prose is largely free of mechanical errors, although a few may be present. A variety of sentence structures and effective figures of speech are used.	Writer is clearly in command of standard, written, academic English.
5.0 %Format
2.0 % Paper Format (use of appropriate style for the major and assignment)	Template is not used appropriately or documentation format is rarely followed correctly.	Template is used, but some elements are missing or mistaken; lack of control with formatting is apparent.	Template is used, and formatting is correct, although some minor errors may be present.	Template is fully used; There are virtually no errors in formatting style.	All format elements are correct.
3.0 % Documentation of Sources (citations, footnotes, references, bibliography, etc., as appropriate to assignment and style) Research critique picot statement paper example	Sources are not documented. Research critique picot statement paper example	Documentation of sources is inconsistent or incorrect, as appropriate to assignment and style, with numerous formatting errors.	Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, although some formatting errors may be present.	Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is mostly correct.	Sources are completely and correctly documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is free of error.
100 % Total  Weightage. Research critique picot statement paper example

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RESEARCH CRITIQUE AND PICOT (EBP)

Evidence-based practice (EBP) is basically a framework for clinical decision making that motivates clinicians to integrate information from research that is highly qualitative and quantitative involving the expertise and the background of the clinician and the client respectively in addition to values and preferences. EBP is gaining popularity in most disciplines of health care. Among its characteristics is the dependence on the interaction between clinical expertise, complex scientific evidence and choices and needs of individual evidence. Librarians have crucial responsibility and are vital to the advancement of EBP in that they identify and retrieve correct and needed literature from different sources for making health care based decision. This paper gives a critical analysis an EBP article published in The New York Times that mainly writes about the rising preference of asthmatic cases in children and the probability of oil from fish lowering /preventing the problem. The critique also gives the article’s supporting content. The content of the article is of importance specially for clinicians who have interest in Evidence based practice (EBP) (McKibbon, 1998).

Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease associated with acute pain. Acute pain is a chief health concern in the hospital and the clinicians find it difficult to manage the pain experiences of their patients. Right management and assessment of pain is required for all patients. For this reason, controlling pain in a poor manner can weaken and slow down the recovery of patients from such pain in addition to distressing members of the family and lowering well-being of the sense. Fear that overuse of analgesic might prolong recovery and pain is still there.  It is therefore of importance to learn the best ways to do away with the disease (Elsevier Nursing Suite, 2011)

On December 28th last year, 2016, on the New York Times, Denise Grady wrote probability of oil from fish to lower the risks of expectant mothers giving birth to asthmatic children. On his article, he provides an account of a Danish study to determine the effect of pregnant women taking fish oil on their to-be-born children in relation to asthma. In this study, 2.4 grams of fish oil was fed to expectant mothers daily. The study showed that mothers who took the oil in their last trimester of pregnancy significantly lowered the probability of their children who have asthma. The Denmark study proved a seven percent reduction in the risk of suffering from asthma for children born out of mothers who had fed on fish oil (Grady, 2016). Research critique picot statement paper example.

A later study that was released on 27th December 2016 advised against the regular taking of fish oil. This study found no associated complication resulting from the intake, but they claimed that the dosage was high, fifteen-twenty times more that the average daily consumption (Grady, 2016).

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In his article, Denise quotes Dr. Hans Bisgaard’s email that recommended a test in fish oils before accepting for use by pregnant mothers. Bisgaard is a pediatrics professor at the University of Copenhagen. The rise in the asthmatic cases has caused alarm leading to medics spending sleepless nights looking for the cure for the chronic disease. Dr. Bisgaard explained the lack of possibility to tell the benefit of expectant mothers taking more fish oil. Besides this, pregnant mothers are also advised against taking fish high in the food chain due to their high concentration of mercury (Grady, 2016).

In the article another doctor and researcher, Dr. Christopher E. Ramsden praised the study and its findings but claimed that the researchers were too fast to make their findings public. The Danish researchers had been motivated by earlier researchers on the possibility of fish oil reducing risks to asthma. The researchers had not tested the idea. Hence the Danish researchers decided to test it(Grady, 2016).

The study is of significant importance in the medical field, but as with any remedy, if not well practiced and applied, it may lead to more harm than good. Taking too much of the fish oil may saturate the body with it which may result in other health complications. The fact that no complications have been associated with the intake of fish oils does not make it clean free of any complications. Consumers of the oils should do so with caution and should avoid their over intake. Research critique picot statement paper example.

The Danish study provides a significant ground to the study of the benefits of fish oil but on the other hand potentially exposes the individuals participating in the experiment into great danger. The researchers confess that the amount of fish oil take by the pregnant mothers under study is by far higher than the normal human consumption. This exposes the mothers as well as their expected children to unknown outcome, which may turn vital to their health due to the high levels of oil intake. Further, the researchers propose a continued intake of the oils without a proper inquest into the probable negative outcomes of its intake.

Dr. Christopher view of the problem is of a more inclusive approach and more “mature”. He praises the study but recommends a deeper investigation of the matter before releasing it for public consumption. There is need for improvement in EBP and transformation of healthcare means there is an urgency efficient, effective and safe care redesigning. With several national experts’ recommendations which are aimed at setting directions, nurses have resorted to starting programs and initiatives that increase the nurses’ contributions which they have made are capable of making and are to make to meet the EBP promise. Such initiatives are realignment of education and curricular, development of model and theory, scientific research and practice adoption (Stevens, 2013).

One of the most recent examples is reliable cardiac treatment through the administration of data feedback (Hyson, 2009). The study reports of a negative trial in an effort to improve the performance of hospitals on cardiac care key indicators using administrative data feedback.

A recent article describes the challenges in implementing proof on the audit from scientific review and feedback interventions to cognitive process concerning the best feedback and audit to use in efforts of intervention in the future (Brown et al., 2009) . The authors explain their incapability to gather info on major aspects of conducting feedback and audit from their revealed literature. Due to this, very little knowledge is gained from previous studies apart from complete or semi-failure in their trials (Aarons et al., 2011). Research critique picot statement paper example.

Once a theory is employed to regulate a study, it should then be for the most part unheeded within the growth of methods and choice of tools. An opposing  instance to the existing approach is that  of modeling method  in  analysis Implementation study, a uniting effort by researchers living in North American which, opens up researchers in Britain to engage in proposals  to construct and take a look at tools to live and operationalize ideas from a rigorously select class of behavior amendment theories, then take a look at the link between the ideas as theorized and therefore the quantity of amendment determined within the specific areas of the study.

There are several various theories that describe processes contributive to structure amendment. However, structural amendment theories seldom apply to activities planned on the amendment, of most importance is that once  are done within the expected guideline they don’t bare a negative effect on the organization as a whole.

Importance of theory in constructing models

A completely developed theory, within the perspective of behavior amendment, answers the question: why does structure or folks depict such a behavior? Given the approach, they behave, what would inspire them to alter behavior? Additionally, it should incorporate structure problems, theory ought to give premises and steering to action at an individual level as well as better organizational levels. Research critique picot statement paper example.

Necessity of strategy in identifying model

A directing methodology which bolsters the basic hypothesis or speculations managing the study mapping technique to mediations is critical. Here the writing on intercessions in advancing confirmation based take after execution is valuable. There’s a broad catalog of involvements, with info regarding what seems to be a lot of or ineffective.

Nevertheless, it’s open that ineffectiveness may be attributable to many factors, such as  Lack of tight linkage to theory, in addition to the loose linkage to drawback designation will lower the chance of thriving implementation (Naylor et al 2011).

PICOT Question

A  PICOT question rubs together the entire research into a simple precise statement. P in the mnemonic refer to the targeted population study, I is the projected intervention, C is the comparative research studies to other present studies, O is for the research study findings and T is the length of Time in doing the research. Research critique picot statement paper example.

QUESTION: (ETIOLOGY RESEARCH DESIGN):  In children at their early development age (P) how are parents who did not take fish oil in their later period of gestation(I) compare to those parents who took fish oil in their later period of pregnancy (C) at risk of giving birth to more asthmatic children (O) in their early lives of development (T).

REFERENCES

Aarons, G., Hurlburt, M., & Horwitz, M. (2011).Advancing a conceptual model of evidence-based practice implementation in public service sectors. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 38(1), 4-23.

Brown, E., Wickline.,Ecoff, & Glaser, (2009). Nursing practice, knowledge, attitudes and perceived barriers to evidence?based practice at an academic medical center. Journal of advanced nursing, 65(2), 371-381.

Evidence-Based Practice: Managing Acute Pain – Elsevier Nursing Suite. (2011, November). Retrieved from www.confidenceconnected.com/…/evidence-based_practice_managing_acute_pain/

Grady, Denise. “Taking Fish Oil During Pregnancy Is Found to Lower Child’s Asthma Risk.” The New York Times.The New York Times, 2016.Web. 03 Jan. 2017.

<http://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/28/health/fish-oil-asthma-pregnancy.html?

Hysong, S. J. (2009). Meta-analysis: audit & feedback features impact effectiveness on care quality. Medical care, 47(3), 356.