Contact us:
+1 (520) 226-8615
Email:
[email protected]
PSY509/503 – Theories of Marriage and Family
PSY509/503 – Theories of Marriage and Family
Text: Family Therapy Concepts and Methods 8th Edition, 2008
ISBN: 0-2-5-54320-0 ; 13: 978-0-205-54320-5
Publisher:
Pearson Education, Inc., Allyn and Bacon: Boston, MA 02116.
~—————
shapeType75fBehindDocument1pWrapPolygonVertices8;4;(21498,0);(0,0);(0,21477);(21498,21477)posrelh0posrelv0pib
Theories of Marriage and Family
Multiple Choice Questions (Enter your answers on the enclosed answer sheet)
1) Lyman Wyn ne’s term for the facade of fam i Iy harmony that characterized many schizophrenic families is:
A) pseudomutuality
B) pseudoharmony
C) pseudohosti I ity
0) pseudocomplementarity
2) Hospital clinicians began to acknowledge and include the family in an indi- vidual’s treatment when:
A) they noticed when the patient got better, someone in the fami Iy got worse
B) they realized the family was footing the bill for treatment
C) they realized the family continued to influence the course of treatment any way
0) A and C
E) none of the above
3) Family sculpting and choreography are applications of this early approach to group treatment, which consists of dramatic enactments from the lives of group members and uses a number of techniques to stimulate emotional expression and clarify conflicts.
A) T-group
B) psychodrama
C) psychoed ucation 0) encounter group
PSY509/503 – Theories of Marriage and Family
4) The first to apply group concepts to family treatment was:
A) John Elderkin Bell
B) Virginia Satir
C) Murray Bowen 0) Carl Whitaker
5) Since the beginning of their profession, have been concerned
with the family, both as a unit and the focus of intervention.
A) psychologists
B) social workers
C) psychiatrists 0) physicians
1
shapeType75fBehindDocument1pWrapPolygonVertices8;4;(21500,0);(0,0);(0,21493);(21500,21493)posrelh0posrelv0pib
Theories of Marriage and Family
6) Gregory Bateson and his colleagues at Palo Alto introduced this concept to describe the patterns of disturbed family communication which cause schizo- phrenia.
A) none of the below
B) schizophrenogenesis
C) pseudohosti I ity
D) double bind
7) A conflict when a person receives contradictory messages on different levels of abstraction in an important relationship, and cannot leave or comment is called:
A) rubber fence
B) metacommunicate
C) quid pro quo
D) double bind
8) Frieda Fromm-Reichmann’s concept, ” mother,” described
a domineering, aggressive, rejecting, and insecure mother who was thought to provide the pathological parenting that produced schizophrenia.
A) u nd ifferentiated
B) reactive
C) schizophrenogenic
D) symbiotic
9) This family therapist believed in the existence of an interpersonal uncon- scious within each family.
A) Ivan Boszormenyi-Nagy
B) Murray Bowen
C) Virginia Satir
D) Nathan Ackerman
10) The techniques of structural family therapy fall into two general categories,
joining and _
A) disengaging maneuvers
B) restructuring techniques
C) paradoxical interventions
D) taking an “I” position
2
PSY509/503 – Theories of Marriage and Family
Theories of Marriage and Family
11) A primary goal of communications family therapy is to:
A) foster insight
B) promote individuation of family members
C) interrupt dysfunctional feedback loops
D) rei nforce symptoms
12) The Bateson group may be best remembered for the concepts of the double
bi nd and _
A) family structure
B) group process
C) metacommunication
D) triangles
13) The tendency of families to resist change in order to maintain a steady state is known as
A) complementarity
B) the black box concept
C) paradox
D) homeostasis
14) The idea that because the mind is so complex, it’s better to study people’s in- put and output (e.g., behavior and communication) than to speculate about what goes on in their minds. is known as
A) paradox
B) black box concept
C) general systems theory
D) metacommunication
15) While the communications family therapists share the common goal of altering self-reinforcing and destructive patterns of communication in fami- lies, their intervention strategies differed. Fore example, Haley favored the
use of while Satir sought change by making family rules explicit
and by teaching principles of clear communication.
A) interpretations
B) positive connotations
C) behavioral contracts
D) paradox
3
PSY509/503 – Theories of Marriage and Family
Theories of Marriage and Family
16) Group-oriented therapists promote communication by concentrating on
____ rather than _
A) the system/the individual
B) process/content
C) solutions/problems
D) positive feedback loops/negative feedback loops
17) The family theory of the etiology of schizophrenia which focused on disturbed patterns of communication was founded by Gregory Bateson, Theodore Lidz,
and _
A) Carl Whitaker
B) Virginia Satir
C) Mara Selvini-Palazzoli
D) Lyman Wynne
18) According to communications theory, healthy families are able to adapt to changing circumstances through use of:
A) negative feedback
B) homeostasis
C) positive feedback
D) therapeutic double-binds
19) The communications model that emerged from in the 1950s had
an enormous impact on the entire field of family therapy.
A) Palo Alto
B) Boston
C) Georgetown University
D) New York City
20) Which is not a concept of von Bertalanffy’s general systems theory?
A) homeostatic reactivity
B) “black box” metaphor
C) equifinality
D) a system is more than the sum of its parts
4
PSY509/503 – Theories of Marriage and Family
Theories of Marriage and Family
21) The stages of a family’s life from separation from one’s parents to marriage, having children, growing older, retirement, and finally death, are known as the:
A) family structure
B) function of the system
C) homeostasis
D) family life cycle
22) Constructivism first found its way into psychotherapy in the work of:
A) Michael White
B) Kenneth Gergen
C) George Kelly
D) Paul Watzlawick
23) Superficial change in a system which itself stays invariant is termed ____ , while basic change in the structure of a system is called
A) first-order; second-order
B) second-order; first-order
C) cybernetic; second-order
D) first-order; systemic
24) A balanced steady state of equilibrium is known as
A) morphogenesis
B) equifinality
C) metacommunication
D) homeostasis
25) The study of control processes in systems, particularly the analysis of the flow of information in closed systems, is known as:
A) general systems theory
B) existentialism
C) functional analysis of behavior
D) cybernetics
26) A biological model of living systems as whole entities which maintain them- selves through continuous input and output from the environment, developed by Ludwig von Bertalanffy is known as
A) cybernetics
5
PSY509/503 – Theories of Marriage and Family
Theories of Marriage and Family
B) constructivism
C) ecosystemic communication
D) general systems theory
27) The greatest conceptual influence on the early development of family therapy was:
A) the family life cycle
B) systems theory
C) feminism
D) constructivism
28) The notions of functionalism, structuralism, and general systems theory are all embraced by which family theory?
A) experiential fam i Iy therapy
B) communications family therapy
C) behavioral family therapy
D) structural family therapy
29) A Bowen therapist working with an individual family member in treatment is most likely to do wh ich of the followi ng?
A) use displacement stories
B) create a therapeutic triangle
C) model how to take an “I” position
D) work with a genogram
E) C and D
30) The primary goal of Bowen family therapy is to:
A) heighten emotional experiencing in family members
B) increase the level of differentiation of self in family members
C) increase the family’s repertoire of problem-solving skills
D) improve communication between family members
31) The “differentiated” individual:
A) can balance his or her needs for closeness and autonomy
B) avoids contact with his or her parents
C) approaches life in a purely rational fashion
D) can extricate him or herself from all emotional triangles
6
PSY509/503 – Theories of Marriage and Family
Theories of Marriage and Family
32) According to Bowen Theory, more highly differentiated individuals will likely:
A) avoid the expression of intense emotions
B) have parents who are highly differentiated
C) be firstborn children
D) avoid contact with dysfunctional family members
E) A and C
33) In Bowen theory, this is a process wherein the projection of varying degrees of immaturity to different children in the same family occurs. The child who is most involved in the family emerges with the lowest level of differentiation, and passes on problems to succeeding generations.
A) societal emotional process
B) multigenerational transmission process
C) nuclear family emotional process
D) family projection process
34) This Bowenian term describes the level of emotional “stuck-togetherness” or fusion in the fam i ly,
A) nuclear family emotional process
B) unconscious need complementarity
C) triangl i ng
D) A and C
35) According to Bowen, are the smallest stable unit of human rela-
tions.
A) dyads
B) foursomes
C) triangles
D) none of the above
36) From a Bowenian perspective, optimal development in the family occurs when all members are relatively differentiated, anxiety is low, and par-
ents _
A) cut-off from dysfunctional family members
B) remain in emotional contact with family of origin
C) form an executive subsystem
D) avoid heightened emotionality
7
PSY509/503 – Theories of Marriage and Family
Theories of Marriage and Family
37) According to Sulloway’s research on the correlates of sibling position in fami- lies, are more likely to question the status quo and are more open to experi- ence.
A) only children
B) firstborns
C) laterborns
D) Band C
38) A primary goal of communications family therapy is to:
A) promote i nd ivid uation of fam i Iy mem bers
B) foster insight
C) negatively reinforce symptoms
D) interrupt dysfunctional feedback loops
39) The Bateson group may be best remembered for the concepts of the double
bind and _
A) triangles
B) family structure
C) metacommunication
D) group processes
40) The idea that because the mind is so complex, it’s better to study people’s input and output (e.g., behavior and communication) than to speculate about what goes on in their minds is known as:
A) metacommunication
B) paradox
C) general systems theory
D) black box concept
41) All of these schools have for their goals of therapy both symptom resolution and transformation in the whole family system, except which?
A) Bowenian
B) structural
C) experiential
D) MRI
8
PSY509/503 – Theories of Marriage and Family
Theories of Marriage and Family
47) Structural therapists attempt to alter the family’s view of reality by:
A) changi ng cogn itive constructions
B) heightening emotional experiencing
C) accommodating to the viewpoint of the most powerful family member
D) realigning boundaries between individuals and subsystems
48) In order to discern a family’s structure two things are necessary: a theoretical system that explains structure and:
A) I ive observation
B) a structured assessment interview
C) family members’ self-reports
D) none of the above
49) When two people marry. they must learn to negotiate the nature of the bound- ary between them, as well as the boundary separating them from the outside.
This structural requirement is known as _
A) complementarity
B) differentiation
C) accommodation
D) disengagement
50) Structuralists believe the family must first accept the therapist. in a process
called • which allows the therapist to increase stress and unbal-
ance the family homeostasis, thus opening the way for structural transforma- tion in the fam i Iy.
A) taki ng an “I” position
B) detouring
C) restructuring
D) joining
51) When parents are unable to resolve the conflicts between them. a common pattern is to continue to argue through the children. When father says mother is too permissive, she says he’s too strict. He may in turn withdraw, and she responds to the child with excessive concern and devotion. The structural term which best describes the resulting family structure is:
A) over involvement between father and child
B) a pathological triangle
C) diffuse boundaries between husband and wife
D) a cross-generational coalition between mother and child
10
PSY509/503 – Theories of Marriage and Family
Theories of Marriage and Family
52) An interaction stimulated in structural family therapy in order to observe and then change transactions which make up family structure is called:
A) a positive connotation
B) a reframing
C) an enactment
D) a spontaneous behavior exchange
53) In order to highlight and modify interactions in the family, structural thera- pists must use intensity to:
A) extend interactional sequences beyond the point where dysfunctional homeo-
stasis is reinstated
B) break families loose from their patterns of equilibrium
C) interrupt rigid patterns of conflict-avoidance
D) all of the above
54) Experiential therapy differs from most systems approaches with respect to its
emphasis on versus techniques that specifically facilitate interac-
tion.
A) restructuring the family hierarchy
B) expanding experience
C) metacommunication
D) improving problem solving
55) The goals of experiential family therapy would not include:
A) increased sensitivity to one’s needs and feelings
B) greater freedom of choice
C) restructuring of the family system
D) increased personal integrity
56) A collection of beliefs based on a distortion of historical reality and shared by all family members, which help shape the rules governing family functioning are known as:
A) family rules
B) family myths
C) invisible loyalties
D) none of the above
11
PSY509/503 – Theories of Marriage and Family
Theories of Marriage and Family
57) Within experiential therapy, the is believed to be the essential
healing force in the psychotherapeutic process, whereby the therapist es- tablishes caring, person-to-person relationships with each family member while modeling openness, honesty, and spontaneity.
A) therapeutic double-bind
B) existential encounter
C) paradoxical intervention
D) interpretation of u nconsc ious confl ict
58) An important concept in experiential family therapy–defined as the process of developing and fulfilling one’s innate, positive potentialities.
A) differentiation of self
B) alienation from experience
C) self -actua I ization
D) constructivism
59) Experiential family therapy is designed to:
A) increase family members’ levels of differentiation of self
B) facilitate emotional experiencing in family members
C) interpret and work through unconscious conflicts
D) all of the above
60) is considered more important by experiential therapists for
healthy family functioning than either problem-solving skills or functional family structure.
A) Insight
B) Open, spontaneous experiencing
C) Symptom relief
D) none of the above
61) Unlike Bowenians, experiential therapists will then behave
in alternately provocative and supportive ways in order to help families learn to express honest emotion.
A) raise the level of anxiety in the family
B) encourage development of transference
C) discourage development of transference
D) lower the level of anxiety in the family
12
PSY509/503 – Theories of Marriage and Family
Theories of Marriage and Family
62) Is an interactive process in which a subject perceives an object as containing elements of the subject’s personality and evokes certain behav- iors and feel,ngs from the object that conform to these perceptions.
A) Separation-individuation
B) Projective identification
C) Transference-countertransference
D) Reciprocal introjection
63) A process whereby an infant begins, at about two months, to draw apart from the symbiotic bond with mother and develop autonomous functioning is known as:
A) projective identification
B) separation-individuation
C) identification
D) introjection
64) According to psychoanalytic perspectives, one’s choice of marital partner is based on:
A) the desire to maximize “rewards” and minimize “costs” of the relationship
B) one’s level of differentiation of self, and similar levels of differentiation in the families of origin
C) one’s desire to find someone with complementary needs who will fulfill one’s unconscious fantasies
D) complementary styles of communication
65) According to psychoanalytic theory, marital choice is affected in part by the ____ phenomenon, in which the insecurely attached child grows up learning to hide their real needs and feelings to win approval.
A) introjective
B) false self
C) double-bind
D) invisible loyalty
66) A process in psychoanalytic family therapy, by which insights are translated into new and more productive ways of behaving and interacting is known as:
A) metacommunication
B) interpretation
C) working through
D) projective identification
13
PSY509/503 – Theories of Marriage and Family
Theories of Marriage and Family
67) Psychoanaly ic family therapy consists of four basic techniques: listening,
empathy, int rpretation, and _
A) re-storyi ng
B) paradoxical irectives
C) facilitating e otional expression
D) maintaining nalytic neutrality
68) According to object relations theory, children are more likely to develop a se- cure and coh sive sense of self when parents provide sufficient opportunities for:
A) anaclitic intr jection
B) idealization
C) ego splits
D) projective ide tification
69) A behavioral t chnique using to eliminate behavior by not reinforcing it is known as:
A) contingency c ntracting
B) assertive training
C) extinction
D) punishment
70) The most com only used techniques in behavior therapy fall into which cat- egory?
A) operant condit oning
B) cognitive/affec ive techniques
C) respondent co ditioning
D) none of the ab ve
71) Behavioral ass ssment methods fall into each of the following categories except which?
A) clinical intervi
B) objective testin
C) projective testi g
D) observation
14
PSY509/503 – Theories of Marriage and Family
Theories of Marriage and Family
Jacobson and Margolin, behavioral marital therapists prefer to use __ –+_ to identify problems and understand their etiology.
A) interviews
B) written q
C) direct 0
D) Band C
E) none of the
73) A major trea ment strategy in behavioral couples therapy is to:
A) decrease pos tive control
B) increase the ate of aversive control
C) improve com unication skills
D) all of the ab e
74) The first step in the behavioral treatment of sexual dysfunction is to:
A) conduct exte1sive interviews to determine the nature of the dysfunction
B) conduct a medical examination to rule out organic problems
C) establish goalf1s for treatment
D) all of the abo e
75) The primary g al of the psychoeducational approach to treatment of schizo- phrenia is:
A) to remove the patient from their family environment
B) to cure the pa ient of schizophrenia
C) to maximize f~nctioning and minimize relapse
D) to determine fe family’s contribution to the illness
76) A relativistic pf,rspective that emphasizes the subjective construction of real- ity, and implie that what we see in families is based as much on our precon- ceptions as on what is actually going on, is known as:
A) feminism
B) pluralism
C) constructivism
D) ethnocentrism
15
PSY509/503 – Theories of Marriage and Family
Theories of Marriage and Family
77) A psychoanalytic theory which places greater emphasis on a person’s interac- tions with th1e family, and is considered more compatible with family therapy than previou psychoanalytic approaches is called:
A) object relati ns
B) narrative co structive
C) solution-foe sed
D) experiential
78) The one-day ‘survival-skills workshop” conducted with groups of family mem- bers is used n which treatment approach?
A) psychoeduca ion
B) internal fami y systems therapy
C) solution-focu~ed therapy
D) medical familY therapy
79) Medical fam+ therapists believe that the field of family therapy has ignored
the impact of on family functioning.
A) gender inequalities
B) race relations
C) chronic illness
D) transitions in ~he family life cycle
80) Another trend of the 1980s, in which many authors discussed how to do family therapy with specific types of problems and family constellations, was
the trend toward _
A) constructivisrri
B) increased spe~ialization
C) medical mode s of treatment
D) ethnic diversit
81) A common too of solution focused therapy, is to have all clients be given
the same assig ment, in which clients are asked to observe what
happens in the r life/relationships in which they want to continue.
A) i nvariant presc~i ption
B) formula first-s~ssion task
C) re-storyi ng task
D) family ritual
16
Theories of Marriage and Family
82) The school of family therapy views resistance as an activation of
the protecti e side of family members.
A) solution foc sed
B) experiential
C) MRI
0) structural
83) SOlution-foc~sed therapy focuses primarily on:
A) cogn ition
B) linguistics
C) behavior
0) reinforceme t history
84) Steve de Sha er’s term for someone who isn’t willing to work at changing is:
A) customer
B) complainant
C) client 0) patient
85) Solution-focused therapy draws heavily on:
A) social construptionism
B) constructivism
C) social learninl theory 0) systems theo’f
86) Both the narr Itive and Milan systemic approaches are characterized by an:
A) interest in the origin or cause of problems
B) emphasis on garadoxical intervention
C) ethic of colla~~ration 0) none of the above
87) Reflecting tea s are used by which family therapists?
A) Bowen family herapists
B) structural fami y therapists
C) narrative const uctive therap ists 0) Jay Haley and loe Madanes
17
PSY509/503 – Theories of Marriage and Family
Theories of Marriage and Family
88) Narrative th rapists problems in order to free the family and
individual fa ily members from blame.
A) re-story
B) prescribe
C) reframe
D) externalize
89) According to narrative therapy, by maintaining a dominant story of their prob-
lem, family embers fail to see their problems.
A) their contrib tions to
B) the paradox i
C) exceptions to
D) underlying c uses of
90) In order to ex ernalize a problem, whether it’s an internal experience, a syn-
drome, or a r lationship pattern, the narrative therapist must _
A) prescri be it
B) ignore it and ocus on unique outcomes
C) person ify it
D) ask the mirac e question
91) Bowen’s notio! of triangles, Haley’s focus on hierarchical control, and Mi- nuchin’s conc~Pt of boundaries represent examples of the metaframework,
A) sequences
B) internal processes
C) organization
D) development
92) The multicultu al framework encourages therapists to speak with families about their _~ __
A) race
B) culture
C) ethnicity
D) ethnicity, educ tion, and religion
18
Theories of Marriage and Family
93) theraPists take the position that the simplest and least expensive
intervention ~hOUld be tried before using more complex and expensive treat- ments.
A) Integrative CfUPle therapy
B) Narrative sol tions therapy
C) Integrative p oblem-centered therapy
D) none of the . bove
94) The narrative solutions approach combines the insights of with
narrative techniques.
A) experiential ierapy
B) Bowenian th ory
C) structural th rapy
D) MRI’s model
95) In contrast to traditional behavioral therapy, integrative couple therapy em-
phasizes _
A) insight
B) accountability
C) emotional experiencing
D) support and empathy
96) Which school introduced the idea that families are systems-more than the
sum of their parts?
A) structural
B) communications
C) group
D) behavioral
97) The concept ot describes how when two people are in conflict,
the one who experiences the most anxiety will triangle in another person.
A) pathological trtangles
B) conflict-detourIng triads
C) cross-generatiqnal coalitions
D) all of the above
19
PSY509/503 – Theories of Marriage and Family
Theories of Marriage and Family
98) While the fbcus on problem resolution or cure has been family therapy’s trademark, these family therapists are advocating coping with serious psycho- pathology as a worthy goa I.
A) structural
B) PSYChOdyn~miC
C) behavioral
D) psychoedu9ational
99) One variation of the patient-therapist relationship is exemplified by this model which instructs its therapists to empathize with a family’s predicament while also etnpowering them to use their own strengths to find solutions, from a position o~ partnership.
A) Milan
B) solution focused
C) cornrnumca Ions
D) A and B
100) Which family therapy model incorporates intrapsychic concepts into their
description 9f behavior disorders?
A) M R I strategic
B) Bowenian
C) structural
D) solution-focused