Nurs 6052 Week 2 Project Assignment Papers

For the Week 2 discussion assignment in NURS 6052, you are asked to retrieve a piece of evidence from each level of the Levels of Evidence Pyramid from Walden Library by searching on a broad topic in filtered and unfiltered databases. Your PICOT can help guide you to select a broad keyword search that will work well for this assignment. This guide will focus on how to search filtered and unfiltered databases and successfully retrieve the six required levels of evidence.nurs 6052 Week 2 Project Assignment Papers.

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Week 2 Project Assignment Papers

The following PICO(T) example helps demonstrate a broad selection of possible keywords that will prove successful:nurs 6052 Week 2 Project Assignment Papers.

In the NICU, what is the effect of handwashing on infection control compared with hand sanitizers?

Keywords: Neonatal, Handwashing, Infection Control

Synonyms: NICU, “Hand Washing”, Cross Infection

Note: Putting a phrase in quotation marks tells the database to search for those words as a phrase and not as individual words. For instance, the quoted phrase “Infection Control” will be used throughout this demonstration to tell the database to search for it as a phrase.

You will find step-by-step instructions on how to find each of the six pieces of evidence in the following sections of this guide:

Filtered Resources
Unfiltered Resources
Library Lab
In preparation for the week 2 discussion post and project assignment, the Library offers an Evidence-Based Practice Library Lab. This Library Lab lasts one hour and covers how to find:

resources for each of the levels in the evidence hierarchy
filtered and unfiltered resources
systematic reviews

Assignment clarification:

Use a different database to find each one:

1 Systematic Review
1 Critically Appraised Topic
1 Critically Appraised Individual Article
Can use the same database to find each one (CINAHL):

1 Randomized Control Trial
1 Cohort Study
1 Case Study

Post a description of the case that you selected and the ethical issues involved. Analyze the ethical principles that were breached by the researchers or organizations in your selected case as well as the possible cause of the breach(es). Suggest how the research might have been conducted differently to avoid or minimize the ethical problems. Discuss how research can be done on sensitive issues while still protecting the rights of the research subjects.nurs 6052 Week 2 Project Assignment Papers.

Week 4: Nursing Research for Evidence-Based Practice
Alice: Would you tell me, please, which way I ought to go from here?
The Cat: That depends a good deal on where you want to get to.
Alice: I don’t much care where.
The Cat: Then it doesn’t much matter which way you go.
—Lewis Carroll, Alice in Wonderland

Effective research begins with the careful formulation of a research question. Because this question will guide the entirety of the research process, it is important for the question to be specific, answerable, meaningful, and manageable. The question, “What is the cure for cancer?” is extremely significant, but it is not specific or manageable enough to promote effective research. Conversely, the question, “Are individuals who play the violin on Fridays in March more likely to contract hepatitis?” is very specific but lacks clinical significance. In order for research to generate meaningful, precise findings, researchers must begin by carefully crafting a question. In addition, researchers must also explore ethical concerns related to the question that they select. Taking the time to craft a relevant, well-constructed question will enable the researcher to have an unambiguous focus as he or she proceeds.nurs 6052 Week 2 Project Assignment Papers.

This week, you examine different models for developing a researchable question and reflect on the ethical considerations of research. You also formulate a research question using the PICOT model.nurs 6052 Week 2 Project Assignment Papers.

Reference:

Carroll, L. (1865). Alice in wonderland. London, UK: Macmillan.

Learning Objectives
Students will:
Analyze ethical aspects of research studies
Evaluate the significance of a health care issue to nursing practice
Develop an answerable PICOT question for an EBP study
Photo Credit: [JGI/Jamie Grill]/[Blend Images]/Getty Images

Learning Resources
Note: To access this week’s required library resources, please click on the link to the Course Readings List, found in the Course Materials section of your Syllabus.
REQUIRED READINGS
Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2017). Nursing research: Generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice (10th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer.
Chapter 3, “Key Concepts and Steps in Qualitative and Quantitative Research” (for review)
Chapter 4, “Research Problems, Research Questions, and Hypotheses”This chapter focuses on the steps in planning a study to generate evidence. These include developing a research question, identifying variables, articulating a problem statement, and generating hypotheses.
Chapter 7, “Ethics in Nursing Research”In this chapter, the focus is on the ethical dilemmas that occur when planning and conducting research and the ethical principles that have been enacted for protecting study participants.

Fouka, G., & Mantzorou, M. (2011). What are the major ethical issues in conducting research? Is there a conflict between the research ethics and the nature of nursing? Health Science Journal, 5(1), 3–14.
Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
This article describes a literature review conducted to determine the most important ethical issues that nurses encounter when undertaking or participating in research. The authors detail the results of the review and make recommendations for solving some of the problems highlighted.
Newcomb, P. (2010). Evolving fairness in research on human subjects. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing, 23(3), 123–124.

Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

In this article, the author describes some of the ethical controversies that may arise in conducting research in human subjects, especially with respect to ownership of genes. The author also stresses the importance of educating research subjects and their families about the ultimate purpose of research.
Yakov, G., Shilo, Y., & Shor, T. (2010). Nurses’ perceptions of ethical issues related to patients’ rights law. Nursing Ethics, 17(4), 501–510.
Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
The authors of this article detail a study conducted to determine how nursing staff deal with ethical issues in relation to the law. The article emphasizes the difficulty staff had in distinguishing between legal and ethical problems. The authors make several recommendations to deal with legal and ethical problems.nurs 6052 Week 2 Project Assignment Papers.

Delwiche, F. (2008). Anatomy of a scholarly research presentation in the health sciences. Retrieved from http://dana.uvm.edu/Anatomy/
This presentation highlights the primary components of scholarly research articles. The presentation details the distinguishing factors of scholarly journals, the peer-review process, and the definition of “primary literature.”
American Nurses Association. (2001). Code of ethics for nurses with interpretive statements. Retrieved from http://nursingworld.org/DocumentVault/Ethics-1/Code-of-Ethics-for-Nurses.html
This website provides the code of ethics for nurses to be used in carrying out their responsibilities. There is also a detailed explanation of each provision.nurs 6052 Week 2 Project Assignment Papers.
Document: Literature Review Summary Table Template (Word document)
Note: You will use this document to complete the Project throughout this course.

MEDIA

Laureate Education (Producer). (2012h). Overview of evidence-based practice. Baltimore, MD: Author.
Note: The approximate length of this media piece is 5 minutes.
In this video, Dr. Kristen Mauk explains evidence-based practice and its importance to nursing. She also provides a brief overview of the process of conducting original research. Accessible player

OPTIONAL RESOURCES

National Institutes of Health Office of Extramural Research. (2011). Protecting human research participants. Retrieved from http://phrp.nihtraining.com/users/login.php
This website provides a course on ethical research for those involved in research in human subjects. The course supplies basic concepts, principles, and issues relevant to protecting research participants.
University of Oxford. (2005). PICO: Formulating an answerable question. Retrieved from http://learntech.physiol.ox.ac.uk/cochrane_tutorial/cochlibd0e84.php

Discussion: Ethical Dimensions of Research Studies

In the best-selling book, The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks (Skloot, 2010), the author highlights the true story of an African-American woman who died in 1951 from cervical cancer. What makes her story unique is that prior to her death, cells from her tumor were removed and successfully grown in a petri dish. This was the first time scientists were able to successfully replicate cells outside the body, and it is estimated that billions of Lacks’ cells have been used in medical research. However, Henrietta Lacks was never asked for permission to take a sample and her family was never made aware of the widespread use of her cells. Although the culturing of her cells has been pivotal for advancing research, strong ethical concerns later arose about using these cells without patient or family approval.nurs 6052 Week 2 Project Assignment Papers.

This week’s readings describe historical examples of unethical research, such as a study of syphilis among African-American men in which treatment was withheld and a study in which live cancer cells were injected into elderly patients. Today, stricter controls that seek to protect study participants are placed on researchers, but breaches still occur. Careful attention must be given toward preventing unethical behavior. In this Discussion, you explore ethical considerations and issues in research.nurs 6052 Week 2 Project Assignment Papers.

To prepare:

BY DAY 3

This is a continuation of the Course Project presented in Week 2.

Before you begin, review the Course Project Overview document located in the Week 2 Resources area.

The literature review is a critical piece in the research process because it helps a researcher determine what is currently known about a topic and identify gaps or further questions. Conducting a thorough literature review can be a time-consuming process, but the effort helps establish the foundation for everything that will follow. For this part of your Course Project, you will conduct a brief literature review to find information on the question you developed in Week 2. This will provide you with experience in searching databases and identifying applicable resources.nurs 6052 Week 2 Project Assignment Papers.

· Review the information in Chapter 5 of the course text, focusing on the steps for conducting a literature review and for compiling your findings.

· Using the question you selected in your Week 2 Project (Part 1 of the Course Project), locate 5 or more full-text research articles that are relevant to your PICOT question. Include at least 1 systematic review and 1 integrative review if possible. Use the search tools and techniques mentioned in your readings this week to enhance the comprehensiveness and objectivity of your review. You may gather these articles from any appropriate source, but make sure at least 3 of these articles are available as full-text versions through Walden Library’s databases.nurs 6052 Week 2 Project Assignment Papers.

· Read through the articles carefully. Eliminate studies that are not appropriate and add others to your list as needed. Although you may include more, you are expected to include a minimum of five articles. Complete a literature review summary table using the Literature Review Summary Table Template located in this week’s Learning Resources.

· Prepare to summarize and synthesize the literature using the information on writing a literature review found in Chapter 5 of the course text.nurs 6052 Week 2 Project Assignment Papers.

To complete:

Write a 3- to 4-page literature review that includes the following:

· A synthesis of what the studies reveal about the current state of knowledge on the question that you developed

o Point out inconsistencies and contradictions in the literature and offer possible explanations for inconsistencies.nurs 6052 Week 2 Project Assignment Papers.

· Preliminary conclusions on whether the evidence provides strong support for a change in practice or whether further research is needed to adequately address your inquiry

· Your literature review summary table with all references formatted in correct APA style

Note: Certain aspects of conducting a standard review of literature have not yet been covered in this course. Therefore, while you are invited to critically examine any aspect of the studies (e.g., a study’s design, appropriateness of the theoretic framework, data sampling methods), your conclusion should be considered preliminary. Bear in mind that five studies are typically not enough to reflect the full range of knowledge on a particular question and you are not expected to be familiar enough with research methodology to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of all aspects of the studies.nurs 6052 Week 2 Project Assignment Papers.

Evidence-based practice involves a great deal more than simply reading nursing periodicals on a regular basis. Nurses can take a more proactive approach to evidence-based practice by identifying authentic problems and concerns, and then using that to guide their inquiries into current research. In this way, nurses can connect the results of relevant research studies to their nursing practice.

For the Course Project, you identify and apply relevant research to a specific nursing topic or problem. You begin by formulating an answerable question that is relevant to nursing and evidence-based practice. In later weeks of this course, you continue the course project by conducting a literature review and then determining how the evidence from the literature can be applied to nursing practice.

Before you begin, review this document, which contains information about all three parts of the Course Project.

Note: This Course Project will serve as the Portfolio Assignment for the course. In addition to submitting portions of this Project in Weeks 2 and 5, you will turn in all three deliverables in Week 10.

Course Project: Part 1–Identifying a Researchable Problem

One of the most challenging aspects of EBP is to actually identify the answerable question. —Karen Sue Davies

Formulating a question that targets the goal of your research is a challenging but essential task. The question plays a crucial role in all other aspects of the research, including the determination of the research design and theoretical perspective to be applied, which data will be collected, and which tools will be used for analysis. It is therefore essential to take the time to ensure that the research question addresses what you actually want to study. Doing so will increase the likelihood of obtaining meaningful results.nurs 6052 Week 2 Project Assignment Papers.

In this first component of the course project, you formulate questions to address a particular nursing issue or problem. You use the PICOT model—patient/population, intervention/issue, comparison, and outcome—outlined in the weekly Learning Resources to design your questions.nurs 6052 Week 2 Project Assignment Papers.

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To prepare:

· Review the article, “Formulating the Evidence Based Practice Question: A Review of the Frameworks,” found in the Learning Resources for Week 2. Focus on the PICOT model for guiding the development of research questions.

· Review the section beginning on page of the course text, 75 titled, “Developing and Refining Research Problems” in the course text, which focuses on analyzing the feasibility of a research problem.nurs 6052 Week 2 Project Assignment Papers.

· Reflect on an issue or problem that you have noticed in your nursing practice. Consider the significance of this issue or problem.

· Generate at least 5 questions that relate to the issue that you have identified. Use the criteria in your course text to select one question that would be most appropriate in terms of significance, feasibility, and interest. Be prepared to explain your rationale.

· Formulate a preliminary PICOT question—one that is answerable—based on your analysis. What are the PICOT variables (patient/population, intervention/issue, comparison, and outcome) for this question? Note: Not all of these variables may be appropriate to every question. Be sure to analyze which are and are not relevant to your specific question.

· Using the PICOT variables that you determined for your question, develop a list of at least 10 keywords that could be used when conducting a literature search to investigate current research pertaining to the question.nurs 6052 Week 2 Project Assignment Papers.

To complete:

Write a 3- to 4-page paper that includes the following:

· A summary of your area of interest, an identification of the problem that you have selected, and an explanation of the significance of this problem for nursing practice

· The 5 questions that you have generated, and a description of how you analyzed them for feasibility

· Your preliminary PICOT question and a description of each PICOT variable relevant to your question

· At least 10 possible keywords that could be used when conducting a literature search for your PICOT question and a rationale for your selections

Part 1 of the Course Project is due by Day 7 of Week 2. It will also be a component of your Portfolio Assignment for this course, which is due by Day 7 of Week 10.nurs 6052 Week 2 Project Assignment Papers.

Reference: Davies, K. S. (2011). Formulating the evidence based practice question: A review of the frameworks. Evidence Based Library and Information Practice, 6(2), 75–80. Retrieved from https://ejournals.library.ualberta.ca/index.php/EBLIP/article/viewFile/9741/8144

Course Project: Part 2—Literature Review

The literature review is a critical piece in the research process because it helps a researcher determine what is currently known about a topic and identify gaps or further questions. Conducting a thorough literature review can be a time-consuming process, but the effort helps establish the foundation for everything that will follow. For this part of your Course Project, you will conduct a brief literature review to find information on the question that you developed in Week 2. This will provide you with experience in searching databases and identifying applicable resources.nurs 6052 Week 2 Project Assignment Papers.

To prepare:

· Review the information in Chapter 5 of the course text, focusing on the steps for conducting a literature review and for compiling your findings.

· Using the question that you selected in your Week 2 Project (Part 1 of the Course Project), locate 5 or more full-text research articles that are relevant to your PICOT question. Include at least 1 systematic review and 1 integrative review if possible. Use the search tools and techniques mentioned in your readings this week to enhance the comprehensiveness and objectivity of your review. You may gather these articles from any appropriate source, but make sure at least 3 of these articles are available as full-text versions through Walden Library’s databases.nurs 6052 Week 2 Project Assignment Papers.

· Prepare to summarize and synthesize the literature using the information on writing a literature review found in Chapter 5 of the course text.

To complete:

Develop a 2- to 3-page literature review that includes the following:

· A synthesis of what the studies reveal about the current state of knowledge on the question that you developed

· Point out inconsistencies and contradictions in the literature and offer possible explanations for inconsistencies.nurs 6052 Week 2 Project Assignment Papers.

· Preliminary conclusions on whether the evidence provides strong support for a change in practice or whether further research is needed to adequately address your inquiry

· Your literature review summary table with all references formatted in correct APA style

Part 2 of the Course Project is due by Day 7 of Week 5. It will also be a component in your portfolio assignment in this course, which is due by Day 7 of Week 10.

Course Project Part 3 – Translating Evidence Into Practice

Now that you have located available research on your PICOT question, you will examine what the research indicates about nursing practices. Connecting research evidence and findings to actual decisions and tasks that nurses complete in their daily practice is essentially what evidence-based practice is all about. This final component of the Course Project asks you to translate the evidence and data from your literature review into authentic practices that can be adopted to improve health care outcomes. In addition, you will also consider possible methods and strategies for disseminating evidence-based practices to your colleagues and to the broader health care field.nurs 6052 Week 2 Project Assignment Papers.

To prepare:

· Consider Parts 1 and 2 of your Course Project. How does the research address your PICOT question?

· With your PICOT question in mind, identify at least one nursing practice that is supported by the evidence in two or more of the articles from your literature review. Consider what the evidence indicates about how this practice contributes to better outcomes.nurs 6052 Week 2 Project Assignment Papers.

· Explore possible consequences of failing to adopt the evidence-based practice that you identified.

· Consider how you would disseminate information about this evidence-based practice throughout your organization or practice setting. How would you communicate the importance of the practice?nurs 6052 Week 2 Project Assignment Papers.

To complete:

In a 3- to 4-page paper:

· Restate your PICOT question and its significance to nursing practice.

· Summarize the findings from the articles that you selected for your literature review. Describe at least one nursing practice that is supported by the evidence in the articles. Justify your response with specific references to at least 2 of the articles.nurs 6052 Week 2 Project Assignment Papers.

· Explain how the evidence-based practice that you identified contributes to better outcomes. In addition, identify potential negative outcomes that could result from failing to use the evidence-based practice.nurs 6052 Week 2 Project Assignment Papers.

· Outline the strategy for disseminating the evidence-based practice that you identified throughout your practice setting. Explain how you would communicate the importance of the practice to your colleagues. Describe how you would move from disseminating the information to implementing the evidence-based practice within your organization. How would you address concerns and opposition to the change in practice?

Part 3 of the Course Project is due by Day 7 of Week 10. It should be combined with the other two components of the Course Project and turned in as your Portfolio Assignment for this course. Note: In addition, include a 1-page summary of your project.

For this final iteration you will need to:

· Submit your paper to Grammarly and Turnitin through the Walden Writing Center. Based on the Grammarly and Turnitin reports, revise your paper as necessary.

· Reminder: The School of Nursing requires that all papers submitted include a title page, introduction, summary, and references. The School of Nursing Sample Paper provided at the Walden Writing Center provides an example of those required elements (available from the Walden University website found in this week’s Learning Resources). All papers submitted must use this formatting.nurs 6052 Week 2 Project Assignment Papers.

Note: The Course Project will be your Portfolio Assignment for this course.

Weighing the Evidence

When conducting original research, the final step researchers must complete is weighing the evidence and interpreting the meanings of their data, statistics, and analyses. This is the culmination of the research process in which all of the research methods and designs can be synthesized into a meaningful conclusion. In this stage, researchers should formulate explanations for what their data indicates, determine whether the data answers their initial research question, identify areas of uncertainty, and consider directions for further research.nurs 6052 Week 2 Project Assignment Papers.
In this Discussion, you focus on one of the research articles that you identified for Part 2 of the Course Project (Literature Review). You then explore the process of how the researchers generated conclusions based on their data, consider other possible interpretations of their data, and formulate ideas for further research.nurs 6052 Week 2 Project Assignment Papers.

To prepare:

Review this week’s Learning Resources, focusing on how researchers find meaning in their data and generate sound conclusions. Pay particular attention to Table 2 in the article, “Study Design in Medical Research.”
Revisit the 5 articles that you identified in Part 2 of the Course Project. Select one to consider for the purpose of this Discussion.
Read sections of the chosen article where the data is presented, analyzed, and interpreted for meaning. What reasoning process did the researchers use to formulate their conclusions? What explanation did they give to support their conclusions? Were there any weaknesses in their analysis or conclusions?
Consider possible alternate conclusions that the researchers could have drawn based on their data.nurs 6052 Week 2 Project Assignment Papers.
Examine the findings that the article presents and consider how well they addressed the researcher’s initial question(s). What additional research could be done to build on these findings and gain a fuller understanding of the question?

By Day 3
Post an APA citation and brief summary of the research article that you selected. Describe the data and the results of any statistical tests or analyses presented in the article. Explain how the researchers formulated their conclusion, any weaknesses in their analysis or conclusions, and offer at least one alternate interpretation of their data. Propose at least one additional research study that could be done to further investigate this research topic.
Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses.nurs 6052 Week 2 Project Assignment Papers.

By Day 6
Respond to at least two colleagues on two different days using one or more of the following approaches:
Ask a probing question, substantiated with additional background information, and evidence.
Share an insight from having read your colleagues’ postings, synthesizing the information to provide new perspectives.
Offer and support an alternative perspective using readings from the classroom or from your own review of the literature in the Walden Library.
Expand on your colleagues’ postings by providing additional insights or contrasting perspectives based on readings and evidence.
Click on the Reply button below to reveal the textbox for entering your message. Then click on the Submit button to post your message.nurs 6052 Week 2 Project Assignment Papers.

Course Project: Part 3—Translating Evidence Into Practice

In Part 3 of the Course Project, you consider how the evidence you gathered during Part 2 can be translated into nursing practice.

To prepare:

Consider Parts 1 and 2 of your Course Project (dear writer, I have past and copied the parts 1 and 2 at the end of this paper, please review and use them). How does the research address your PICOT question?
With your PICOT question in mind, identify at least one nursing practice that is supported by the evidence in two or more of the articles from your literature review. Consider what the evidence indicates about how this practice contributes to better outcomes.
Explore possible consequences of failing to adopt the evidence-based practice that you identified.nurs 6052 Week 2 Project Assignment Papers.
Consider how you would disseminate information about this evidence-based practice throughout your organization or practice setting. How would you communicate the importance of the practice?
To complete:

In a 3- to 4-page paper:

Restate your PICOT question and its significance to nursing practice.
Summarize the findings from the articles you selected for your literature review. Describe at least one nursing practice that is supported by the evidence in the articles. Justify your response with specific references to at least 2 of the articles.nurs 6052 Week 2 Project Assignment Papers.
Explain how the evidence-based practice that you identified contributes to better outcomes. In addition, identify potential negative outcomes that could result from failing to use the evidence-based practice.
Outline the strategy for disseminating the evidence-based practice that you identified throughout your practice setting. Explain how you would communicate the importance of the practice to your colleagues. Describe how you would move from disseminating the information to implementing the evidence-based practice within your organization. How would you address concerns and opposition to the change in practice?
This part of the Course Project is due by Day 7 of Week 10. It should be combined with the other two components of the Course Project and turned in as your Portfolio Assignment for this course.nurs 6052 Week 2 Project Assignment Papers.

Note: In addition, include a 1-page summary of your project.
For this final iteration, you will need to:

Submit your paper to Grammarly and Turnitin through the Writing Center. Based on the Grammarly and Turnitin reports, revise your paper as necessary.
Reminder: The School of Nursing requires that all papers submitted include a title page, introduction, summary, and references. The School of Nursing Sample Paper provided at the Walden Writing Center provides an example of those required elements (available from the Walden University website found in this week’s Learning Resources). All papers submitted must use this formatting.nurs 6052 Week 2 Project Assignment Papers.

References

Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2012). Nursing research: Generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice (Laureate Education, Inc., custom ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Please use 4 more references

* Use the following format. Please also include titles for each paragraph so the paper is easier to follow and understand

Introduction paragraph.
The last phrase of the paragraph should say: “the purpose of this paper is to examine…”
Body
Summary
It should start with “the purpose of this paper was to analyze …”

This guide will help you learn how to pick appropriate keywords, combine them to create effective searches to support your PICOT, and find five articles, including one systematic review and one integrative review, if available.nurs 6052 Week 2 Project Assignment Papers.

In Week 2 the Final Project is introduced, and you must develop your PICOT and submit it along with a list of ten keywords relating to your PICOT topic.

In Week 4 (due Week 5) you need to find five research articles relating to your PICOT question, including one systematic review and one integrative review, if possible.nurs 6052 Week 2 Project Assignment Papers.

Keyword development from PICOT
The following example demonstrates how to use your PICOT to choose possible keywords:

In the NICU, what is the effect of handwashing on infection control compared with hand sanitizers?

Keywords: Neonatal, Handwashing, Infection Control

Synonyms: NICU, Neonate, “Hand Washing”, “Hand Sanitizers”, “Hand Rubs”, “Hand Disinfection”, Disinfectants, “Cross Infection”

Note: Putting a phrase in quotation marks tells the database to search for these words as a phrase and not as individual words. For instance, the quoted phrase “Infection Control” will be used throughout this demonstration to tell the database to search for it as a phrase.nurs 6052 Week 2 Project Assignment Papers.

Resources for Developing Synonyms

Subject Terms are associated with every article in a database. When an article is added to a database, the database will assign subject terms to it from the database’s list of subjects. Most articles will have from 3 to 12 subject terms. For more information see: Subject Terms & Index Searches guide.
CINAHL Headings are specific to CINAHL (Using the CINAHL/MeSH Headings Feature in EBSCOhost tutorial available from EBSCO).
MeSH Browser is an online vocabulary look-up aid available for use with MeSH® (Medical Subject Headings). It is designed to help quickly locate descriptors of possible interest and to show the hierarchy in which descriptors of interest appear.
Taber’s Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary provides more than 65,000 medical definitions.nurs 6052 Week 2 Project Assignment Papers.
Database access
All the databases mentioned on this page can be located in the Walden Library on the Nursing Research Home. Here are the steps for accessing the Nursing Research page.

1. On the Library homepage, go to the Subject Resources box.

2. Click on Select a subject and choose: Nursing.

3. Scroll down until you see a section called Nursing articles, journals & books and click Nursing databases and Evidence based & clinical resources to find an appropriate database.nurs 6052 Week 2 Project Assignment Papers.

Note: Once you have clicked on a database link, if you have not already logged in to the Library databases, you will be prompted to log in with your myWalden Portal user name and password.

Search for research articles using CINAHL
When searching on complex topics, you’ll want to use multiple search terms and Boolean operators, both in the search boxes and between the search boxes, to get the best results. This Quick Answer will teach you more about Boolean operators:nurs 6052 Week 2 Project Assignment Papers.

What are Boolean operators?

Here is an example of how to put together a complex search in CINAHL:

1. Access the CINAHL Plus with Full Text database.

Note: If you need help accessing the database, refer to the database access instructions at the top of this page.

2. Once you are in the database, use the search boxes to enter your keywords. For example, in the first search box, enter:nurs 6052 Week 2 Project Assignment Papers.

Neonatal OR NICU

Note: You can use OR to link together your synonyms, or related words, in a search box, allowing the database to search more broadly.nurs 6052 Week 2 Project Assignment Papers.

3. In the second search box enter:

Handwashing OR “Hand Washing” OR “Hand Rubs” OR “Hand Disinfection”

4. In the third search box enter:

“Infection Control” OR “Cross Infection”

Here is what your search boxes should look like:

5. To limit your results to only peer-reviewed articles, go below the search boxes and click in the box under Scholarly (Peer Reviewed) Journals.nurs 6052 Week 2 Project Assignment Papers.

Click here to see this image in context.

6. Then click on the Search button to run your search.

Search for systematic reviews using Cochrane
Systematic reviews are considered the highest level of evidence available, and Cochrane Systematic Reviews are the gold standard.

Here is an example of how to search for a Cochrane Systematic Review using the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews:

1. Access The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.

Note: If you need help accessing the database, refer to the database access instructions at the top of this page.nurs 6052 Week 2 Project Assignment Papers.

2. Once you are in the database, use the search boxes to enter your keywords. For example, in the first search box, enter:

Neonatal OR NICU

3. In the second search box enter:

Handwashing OR “Hand Washing” OR “Hand Rubs” OR “Hand Disinfection”

4. In the third search box enter:

“Infection Control” OR “Cross Infection”

Here is what your search boxes should look like:

5. Then click on the Search button to run your search.

All results will be Cochrane Systematic Reviews and available in full text.

If you do not find what you need in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, you can search using the same strategy in our other filtered databases that contain systematic reviews:nurs 6052 Week 2 Project Assignment Papers.

Joanna Briggs Institute EBP Database
Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE) Open Access databases provide unrestricted access to and use of peer-reviewed and non peer-reviewed journal articles, books, dissertations, and more.
Search for systematic reviews using CINAHL
CINAHL contains many systematic reviews published in journals. You can search for systematic reviews on your topic by limiting your search to only systematic reviews. Here is how you can search for systematic reviews in CINAHL:nurs 6052 Week 2 Project Assignment Papers.

1. Access the CINAHL Plus with Full Text database.

Note: If you need help accessing the database, refer to the database access instructions at the top of this page.

2. Once you are in the database, use the search boxes to enter your keywords. For example, in the first search box, enter:nurs 6052 Week 2 Project Assignment Papers.

Neonatal OR NICU

3. In the second search box enter:

Handwashing OR “Hand Washing” OR “Hand Rubs” OR “Hand Disinfection”

4. In the third search box enter:

“Infection Control” OR “Cross Infection”

Here is what your search boxes should look like:

5. To limit your results to only systematic review articles, scroll down the page below the search boxes until you find the Publication Type box.nurs 6052 Week 2 Project Assignment Papers.

6. In the Publication Type box select Systematic Review by finding it in the list and clicking on it (it will then be highlighted).

Click here to see this image in context.

7. Click on the Search button to run your search.

If you don’t find what you need in the CINAHL Plus with Full Text database, you can use the same search strategy in our medical database:

MEDLINE with Full Text Some journals are peer reviewed
Search for integrative reviews using CINAHL
Integrative reviews differ from systematic reviews in that they include non-experimental, or qualitative studies, in their review of the literature. Integrative reviews are less common than systematic reviews, so you may not be able to find one on your research topic.nurs 6052 Week 2 Project Assignment Papers.

Here is an example of how to search for an integrative review:

1. Access the CINAHL Plus with Full Text database.

Note: If you need help accessing the database, refer to the database access instructions at the top of this page.nurs 6052 Week 2 Project Assignment Papers.

2. Once you are in the database, use the search boxes to enter your keywords. For example, in the first search box, enter:

Neonatal OR NICU

3. In the second search box enter:

Handwashing OR “Hand Washing” OR “Hand Rubs” OR “Hand Disinfection”

4. In the third search box enter:

“Infection Control” OR “Cross Infection”

5. Add a fourth row to your search and enter:

Integrative

Note: To add another search box, click on the + sign at the end of the third row of search boxes (see below).nurs 6052 Week 2 Project Assignment Papers.

Here is what your search boxes should look like:

6. To limit your results to only peer-reviewed articles, go below the search boxes and click in the box under Scholarly (Peer Reviewed) Journals.nurs 6052 Week 2 Project Assignment Papers.

Click here to see this image in context.

7. Then click on the Search button to run your search.

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For the Week 5 discussion in NURS 6052, you are asked to find two quantitative research studies that address one issue chosen from a list of issues. This guide will teach you how to find a quantitative research article on a specific topic in a nursing database. nurs 6052 Week 2 Project Assignment Papers. Specifically, this guide will discuss how to:

pick relevant keywords for your topic and combine them with Boolean operators
identify and combine search words to find quantitative studies in the CINAHL Plus with Full Text database
evaluate the articles that you find to determine if they actually used the desired research method
Pick keywords
Searching the Library databases is not the same as doing a Google search. Here are some key differences:

The databases search for exactly what you enter in the search boxes.
If you enter a whole sentence, you’ll probably get no results.
If you misspell or mistype a word, you’ll probably get no results.
By default, the databases only search for what you enter in the search boxes in the article’s title, citation, abstract, and subject headings.nurs 6052 Week 2 Project Assignment Papers.
This can help you get more relevant results.
If your topic is obscure, or not mentioned in these fields, you may get no results.
To effectively search the Library databases we suggest:

Breaking apart your topic into the component parts
For example, if your topic is anxiety in children the main parts are: Anxiety and Children.
Combining these main parts with the Boolean Operators, AND, OR, and NOT
AND tells the database to search for both terms in an article:
Anxiety AND Children
OR tells the database to search for either term, which is especially useful for synonyms:
Children OR Kids
NOT tells the database to exclude any results that have that term:
Anxiety NOT Depression
To learn more about finding articles on your topic in the databases, please see our guide:

To learn more about Boolean Operators, please see our guide:

Guide: Keyword Searching: Boolean
Quantitative studies
Quantitative studies use numbers and statistics to test their hypotheses.nurs 6052 Week 2 Project Assignment Papers.

Some keywords associated with quantitative research studies include:

Clinical trial
Correlational
Data
Laboratory experiment
Meta analysis
Randomized controlled trial
Regression
Statistically significant
Survey

Since not all quantitative research studies have the word quantitative in the title or abstract, it helps to link together the names of different types of quantitative research studies in your search. Here is an example of a search for quantitative research articles on anxiety in children in the CINAHL Plus with Full Text database:nurs 6052 Week 2 Project Assignment Papers.

1. On the Library homepage, go to the Subject Resources box.

2. Click on Select a subject and choose: Nursing.

3. Scroll down until you see a section called Nursing articles, journals & books.

4. Click on Nursing databases and then click on the link for CINAHL Plus with Full Text to access the database.

Note: If you have not already logged in to the Library databases, you will be prompted to log in with your myWalden Portal user name and password.nurs 6052 Week 2 Project Assignment Papers.

5. Once you are in the database, go to the first search box and enter:

quantitative OR trial OR meta analysis

6. In the second search box, enter your topic:

anxiety

7. In the third search box, enter the rest of your topic, if necessary:

children

Here is what your search boxes should look like:

8. To limit your results to only peer-reviewed articles, go below the search boxes and click in the box under Scholarly (Peer Reviewed) Journals.nurs 6052 Week 2 Project Assignment Papers.

Click here to see this image in context.

9. Then click on the Search button to run your search.

10. As you are looking through your results, you can refer to the Evaluate your results section to make sure the article you pick is indeed a quantitative research study.nurs 6052 Week 2 Project Assignment Papers.

If you don’t find what you need in the CINAHL Plus with Full Text database, you can use the same search strategy in our other nursing and health databases:

MEDLINE with Full Text Some journals are peer reviewed
ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source Some journals are peer reviewed
Quiz on quantitative research
Which of the following keywords will not help you find quantitative studies in the Library databases?

a. Meta analysis

b. Data

c. Interview

d. Trial

Quiz answer

Evaluate your results
Unfortunately, just because you entered keywords associated with the research type you are trying to find, that doesn’t guarantee that all of your results will be the desired research type.nurs 6052 Week 2 Project Assignment Papers. Once you have your list of results, reflect on the keywords associated with your desired research method. With those keywords in mind, here are a few places you can look to check that you’ve truly found what you wanted:

Title: Sometimes the research methodology will be stated in the title of the article. For example:
“Considerations for the provision of psychosocial services for families following paediatric burn injury: A quantitative study.”
“Clown intervention to reduce preoperative anxiety in children and parents: A randomized controlled trial.”

Abstract: If the title does not specify what type of research methodology was used, the next place to look is the abstract. The abstract gives you a short summary of the article and will generally include the research methodology.nurs 6052 Week 2 Project Assignment Papers.
Here is how you can access an article’s abstract:
1. From the list of results, click on the title of the article.

2. Scroll down until you see the Abstract field.

Note: not all articles have an abstract. If the one you picked does not, you’ll need to look at the full text of the article.

Article abstract with search terms in bold.

Article: If neither the title nor the abstract makes it clear what type of research methodology was used, you’ll need to go to the full text of the article. The sections where you are most likely to find out what type of research methodology was used are the Introduction, Methodology/Method, and Design.
Note: These sections may have slightly different headings, but will generally be near the beginning of the article.nurs 6052 Week 2 Project Assignment Papers.

To learn more about evaluating your results, please see our guide:

This week, you examine different models for developing a researchable question and reflect on the ethical considerations of research. You also formulate a research question using the PICOT model.

Reference:

Carroll, L. (1865). Alice in wonderland. London, UK: Macmillan.

REQUIRED READINGS

Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2017). Nursing research: Generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice (10th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer.
Chapter 3, “Key Concepts and Steps in Qualitative and Quantitative Research” (for review)
Chapter 4, “Research Problems, Research Questions, and Hypotheses”This chapter focuses on the steps in planning a study to generate evidence. These include developing a research question, identifying variables, articulating a problem statement, and generating hypotheses.nurs 6052 Week 2 Project Assignment Papers.

Chapter 7, “Ethics in Nursing Research”In this chapter, the focus is on the ethical dilemmas that occur when planning and conducting research and the ethical principles that have been enacted for protecting study participants.
Fouka, G., & Mantzorou, M. (2011). What are the major ethical issues in conducting research? Is there a conflict between the research ethics and the nature of nursing? Health Science Journal, 5(1), 3–14.
Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
This article describes a literature review conducted to determine the most important ethical issues that nurses encounter when undertaking or participating in research. The authors detail the results of the review and make recommendations for solving some of the problems highlighted.nurs 6052 Week 2 Project Assignment Papers.

Newcomb, P. (2010). Evolving fairness in research on human subjects. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing, 23(3), 123–124.
Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
In this article, the author describes some of the ethical controversies that may arise in conducting research in human subjects, especially with respect to ownership of genes. The author also stresses the importance of educating research subjects and their families about the ultimate purpose of research.
Yakov, G., Shilo, Y., & Shor, T. (2010). Nurses’ perceptions of ethical issues related to patients’ rights law. Nursing Ethics, 17(4), 501–510.

Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
The authors of this article detail a study conducted to determine how nursing staff deal with ethical issues in relation to the law. The article emphasizes the difficulty staff had in distinguishing between legal and ethical problems. The authors make several recommendations to deal with legal and ethical problems.nurs 6052 Week 2 Project Assignment Papers.
Delwiche, F. (2008). Anatomy of a scholarly research presentation in the health sciences. Retrieved from http://dana.uvm.edu/Anatomy/
This presentation highlights the primary components of scholarly research articles. The presentation details the distinguishing factors of scholarly journals, the peer-review process, and the definition of “primary literature.”

American Nurses Association. (2001). Code of ethics for nurses with interpretive statements. Retrieved from http://nursingworld.org/DocumentVault/Ethics-1/Code-of-Ethics-for-Nurses.html
This website provides the code of ethics for nurses to be used in carrying out their responsibilities. There is also a detailed explanation of each provision.
Document: Literature Review Summary Table Template (Word document)
Note: You will use this document to complete the Project throughout this course. nurs 6052 Week 2 Project Assignment Papers.

MEDIA

Laureate Education (Producer). (2012a). Anatomy of a research study. Baltimore, MD: Author.
This multimedia piece explains the “anatomy” of both quantitative and qualitative research studies. In addition, there is a brief quiz at the end of the tutorial to measure knowledge about research articles.
Laureate Education (Producer). (2012d). Evidence-based practice and research. Baltimore, MD: Author.
Note: The approximate length of this media piece is 6 minutes.
In this video, Dr. Marianne Chulay talks about the significance of evidence-based practice and research in nursing. She explains how nurses should apply research findings to health care decisions to improve outcomes. Accessible player
Laureate Education (Producer). (2012h). Overview of evidence-based practice. Baltimore, MD: Author. nurs 6052 Week 2 Project Assignment Papers.
Note: The approximate length of this media piece is 5 minutes.
In this video, Dr. Kristen Mauk explains evidence-based practice and its importance to nursing. She also provides a brief overview of the process of conducting original research. Accessible player

OPTIONAL RESOURCES

National Institutes of Health Office of Extramural Research. (2011). Protecting human research participants. Retrieved from http://phrp.nihtraining.com/users/login.php
This website provides a course on ethical research for those involved in research in human subjects.nurs 6052 Week 2 Project Assignment Papers. The course supplies basic concepts, principles, and issues relevant to protecting research participants.

University of Oxford. (2005). PICO: Formulating an answerable question. Retrieved from http://learntech.physiol.ox.ac.uk/cochrane_tutorial/cochlibd0e84.php
Discussion: Ethical Dimensions of Research Studies

To prepare:

Select a current health-related case involving research ethics. (If none come to mind, browse the Internet to familiarize yourself with recent cases.)
As you review the case that you have selected, reflect on the ethical principles discussed in “What Are the Major Ethical Issues in Conducting Research?” article found in this week’s Learning Resources. Which principles were breached in the case you have identified?nurs 6052 Week 2 Project Assignment Papers.
BY DAY 3
Post a description of the case that you selected and the ethical issues involved. Analyze the ethical principles that were breached by the researchers or organizations in your selected case as well as the possible cause of the breach(es). Suggest how the research might have been conducted differently to avoid or minimize the ethical problems. Discuss how research can be done on sensitive issues while still protecting the rights of the research subjects.nurs 6052 Week 2 Project Assignment Papers.

Nurses base practice on sound and tested evidence to ensure the safety, high quality, and cost-effectiveness of patient care. This course provides students the opportunity to gain a better understanding of the development and relationship of nursing theory, research, and practice. Through a variety of online activities and coursework, students explore the role of nursing theory in both research and practice. They examine research literature to differentiate and critique various research designs, including quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-method models; appraise statistical data; and analyze evidence. Acquired knowledge helps students to critically evaluate research to make decisions about use of findings to enhance practice.nurs 6052 Week 2 Project Assignment Papers.

Nurs 6052 Week 2 Project Assignment Papers