NSG6999 W5 D2 Assignment

NSG6999 W5 D2 Assignment

NSG6999 W5 D2 Assignment

Article : Effect of low-calorie versus low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet in type 2 diabetes.

Hussain, T. et al. (2012).

PICOT question:

In a Type II Diabetic patient, how could the elimination or limitation of carbohydrates to 10% of their daily diet intake compared to a low calorie, low fat, and moderate carbohydrate diet reduce obesity and improve the A1C level over a period of 5 months?

1. Why was the study done?

The purpose of this study is to compare and contrast the benefits of a low carbohydrate ketogenic diet and a low-calorie diet and to determine the effects it may have on glycemia.

2. What is the sample size?

To conduct this study, three hundred and sixty-three overweight and obese participants were recruited from the Al-Shaab Clinic for a 24 week diet intervention trial. Out of the sample size, 102 people had type 2 diabetes. The participants had to choose between LCD or LCKD, depending on their preference.

3. Are instruments of the variables in the study clearly defined and reliable?

The variables that were measured and assessed include body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, blood glucose, hemoglobin and glycosylated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, uric acid, urea and creatinine. These were determined before starting the trial, at 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and at 24 weeks. For diabetics who chose to follow the LCKD group,  some antidiabetic medications were either cut in half or discontinued at the beginning of this study. In addition to the changes that have been made to the medication regimen, dietary counseling was provided to these participants as well as further medication adjustment.

To conduct this study, all the participants were required to complete the food records and they were given specific instructions on how to do so. At weeks 2,8,12,16,20, and 24, the the food records were collected. All blood specimens were collected after the participant fasted overnight before the study was started and at 4,8,12,16,20, and 24 weeks. Vital sign measurements, weight, and the risk of hypoglycemia episodes were assessed every other week during the study.

NSG6999 W5 D2 Assignment

4. How was the data analyzed?.

SPS 16 was used for a statistical analysis of the data that was found from this study. A paired t test was used to determine the significance between week 1 and week 24 in both of the groups. To determine and analyze the difference between the two groups, an independent t test was used.

5. Were there any unusual events during the study?

The author has not mentioned any unusual events during this study. All 363 participants started the study and have successfully completed the study.

6. How do the results fit in with previous research in this area? Make sure the study builds on other studies of a similar nature.

The study has shown that the blood sugar levels have decreased significantly in both the LCKD and LCD groups. The blood sugar decrease was much more effective in the LCKD diet when comparing both of the diets. The HbA1c levels have decreased significantly in the LCKD diabetic participants than the LCD diabetic participants. When comparing both groups, both the diabetic and nondiabetic participants in the low carb ketogenic diet have shown a significant decrease in triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL levels, and a significant increase in HDL levels.

7. What are the implications of the research for clinical practice? Ask whether the study addresses a relevant and important clinical issue.

Findings from this study has shown the importance of restricting foods which are high in carbohydrates such as bread, pasta, potatoes and other starches. These foods turn into sugar which will in return the need to release insulin levels in the blood. For type 2 diabetics, if sugars such as carbs are eliminated or used very minimally, the pancreas will not need to release insulin to control hyperglycemia as stated by The National Institute of Diabetes and DIgestive and Kidney Diseases (2014).

Hussain, T. et al. (2012). Effect of low-calorie versus low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet in type 2 diabetes. Nutrition (28)1016-1021.

The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (2014).Carbohydrate Counting & Diabetes. Retrieved by https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/diet-eating-physical-activity/carbohydrate-counting

 

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