NSG 107 -Respiratory Meds Assignment

NSG 107 -Respiratory Meds Assignment

NSG 107 -Respiratory Meds Assignment

Respiratory meds:

• Antihistamines relieve allergy symptoms- Called histamine antagonists or H1 blockers; compete with histamine for receptor sites, block most effects of histamine.
• Precautions • Asthma—acute or chronic; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) • Pregnancy and lactation; glaucoma • Conditions resulting in urinary retention and obstruction
• They decrease nasopharyngeal, gastrointestinal, and bronchial secretions by blocking the H1 receptor.
• Can cause central nervous system (CNS) depression if taken with alcohol, opioids, hypnotics, or barbiturates; use with caution in clients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease because of their drying effect; Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) has an anticholinergic effect and should be avoided in clients with narrow-angle glaucoma.
• Common reactions: Nervousness and irritability, Dry mouth, Urinary retention

Some common ones: Cetirizine (Zyrtec) Chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton, Chlorphen, Aller-Chlor, others) (Clarinex) Dimenhydrinate (Dramamine) Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) Fexofenadine (Allegra) Levocetirizine (Xyzal) Loratadine (Claritin, Alavert, others)

Interventions: Monitor vital signs. 2. Monitor for signs of urinary dysfunction. 3. Administered with food or milk.

Subcutaneous injection is avoided; administered by intramuscular injection in a large muscle if the intramuscular route is prescribed.

Patient teaching: To suck on hard candy or ice chips for dry mouth, To avoid hazardous activities, alcohol, and other CNS depressants

• Decongestants reduce nasal edema- Shrink nasal mucosal membranes and reduce fluid secretion; Used for allergic rhinitis, hay fever, and acute coryza (profuse nasal discharge)
• Contraindicated or used with extreme caution in clients with hypertension, cardiac disease, hyperthyroidism, or diabetes mellitus
• Side/ adverse effects Nervousness 2. Restlessness, insomnia 3. Hypertension 4. Hyperglycemia
• Nasal decongestants can cause tolerance and rebound nasal congestion (vasodilation) as a result of irritation of the nasal mucosa. Therefore, the client needs to be informed that these medications should not be used for longer than 48 hours.

Interventions …

Client education: 

Common Types:

• …

Mucolytic agents with dextromethorphan should not be used by clients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease because they suppress the cough.

Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) can increase airway resistance and should not be used in clients with asthma.

Side/ adverse effects 1. Gastrointestinal irritation 2. Skin rash 3. Oropharyngeal irritation

Interventions 1. …

Client education 1. …

Antitussives:

Opioids=

Nonopioids=

Side/ adverse effects

Interventions

Administration to the client with a head injury or a postoperative cranial surgery client is avoided.

Administration to the client using opioids, sedative-hypnotics, barbiturates, or antidepressants is avoided because CNS depression can occur.

Bronchodilators

 

BETA 1 Heart                        BETA 2 Lungs

ASTHMA 1rst line acute = 

Short-acting beta2-agonists …

If two different inhaled medications are prescribed, instruct the client to wait 5 minutes following administration of the first before inhaling the second. If a second dose of the same medication is needed, instruct the client to wait 1 to 2 minutes before taking the second dose.

intravenous (IV) meds (IF REQUIRED), chest radiography if prescribed, blood sample abg level

KINDLY ORDER NOW FOR A CUSTOM-WRITTEN, PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER

REMEMBER FOR NCLEX:
? NEVER GIVE Beta Blockers to patients with asthma (causes bronchospasms.)

cromolyn sodium, and Inhaled glucocorticoids (also called inhaled corticosteroids or ICS) for long term maintenance

Cromolyn lessens the number and …

Inhaled glucocorticoids (also called inhaled corticosteroids or ICS)– widely used to treat asthma and chronic …

Common side effects: …

Note: It is strongly recommended that inhaled long-acting beta-2 agonists should be used with inhaled steroids either in a single combined product or as two separate products.

Short-acting beta2-agonists (SABAs) are selective adrenergic agonists. Sympathomimetic agents activate the beta2-receptors to relax the smooth muscles in the bronchioles, producing dilation.

Uses • Short-acting preparations to treat acute exacerbations of asthma • Short-term relief of bronchoconstriction caused by bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma • Prevention of exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB)

Side Effects • Headache, nausea, restlessness, nervousness, tremors • Increased blood pressure (BP), heartburn, insomnia, bronchial irritation

Adverse or Toxic Effects …

THEOPHYLLINE …