Juvenile offendersTAW4

Chapters provided.

1. Identify which counseling models would be effective in an incarceration setting.

2. Identify which counseling models would be effective in community corrections.

3. Describe techniques for changing behavior, according to a specified counseling model.

4. Discuss behavioral approaches to counseling.

5. Identify basic techniques used in cognitive therapy.

6. Discuss reality therapy.

7. Discuss Gestalt therapy.

8. Identify common techniques used in Gestalt therapy.

9. Know the basic principles of family systems therapy, including circular causality, cybernetics, homeostasis, and feedback loops.

10. . What are the basic components and processes to anger management and domestic abuse group interventions.

11. . Identify Groetsch’s three categories of domestic batterers.

5 Common Theoretical Counseling Perspectives CHAPTER OBJECTIVES After reading this chapter, you will be able to:

Discuss behavioral approaches to counseling.

Identify common techniques used in behavioral therapy.

Discuss cognitive approaches to counseling.

Identify basic techniques used in cognitive therapy.

Discuss reality therapy.

Identify common techniques used in reality therapy.

Discuss Gestalt therapy.

Identify common techniques used in Gestalt therapy.

Explain the theoretical aspects and techniques associated with Bowenian family systems therapy.

What are the various techniques of family systems therapy that correctional counselors can utilize.

INTRODUCTION A variety of counseling perspectives have been created since the birth of psychology and the helping professions. Counseling perspective is a particular approach to counseling based on specific assumptions regarding determinants of cognition and behavior. Most counseling perspectives also include specific techniques of intervention directly related to the perspective’s assumptions concerning human behavior. An important prelude to what follows is that each perspective contains unique contributions to help people identify and overcome psychological and emotional issues causing distress. The various causes of distress are broad and diverse. As a result we encourage students to maintain an open mind while critically reviewing each perspective. The extreme diversity within the offender population cannot be overemphasized. In addition, our society is becoming more diverse as different cultures are increasingly forced to interact due to spatial limitations as well as the process of globalism. Based on these facts we suggest the following intellectual framework as a foundation for readers of this chapter: 1. There is no right or wrong counseling perspective. 2. Each perspective contains parameters that may be useful under certain conditions with certain offenders. 3. Counselors should be flexible in their approach to help and should be able to draw techniques and reasoning from various perspectives. 4. In order to effectively help others counselors, themselves must have a good understanding of their own strengths and weaknesses. 5. As you examine each counseling perspective reflect on the following question: “How can this information help me to better understand my own intellectual perceptions and behavior?” In this chapter we present four counseling perspectives: (1) Behavioral Therapy, (2) Cognitive Therapy (including Cognitive Behavior Therapy), (3) Reality Therapy, and (4) Gestalt Therapy. Obviously, there are additional therapeutic approaches found throughout the literature. Some of these approaches are very specific aimed at particular types of dysfunction and prescribe specific types of treatment. The reason for our selections is that each perspective is used extensively within the offender population. We make no claim that one perspective is superior to the other. In fact, we urge the opposite and once again invite students to explore this information from a point of neutrality accompanied by personal introspection.