Identity versus Role Confusion Discussion

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As adolescents spend less time with family members, peer groups become more tightly knit into cliques. Mixed-sex cliques prepare teenagers for dating by providing models of how to interact and opportunities to do so without having to be intimate.

chapter outline

· Erikson’s Theory: Identity versus Role Confusion

· Self-Understanding

· Changes in Self-Concept

· Changes in Self-Esteem

· Paths to Identity

· Identity Status and Psychological Well-Being

· Factors Affecting Identity Development

· ? CULTURAL INFLUENCES Identity Development Among Ethnic Minority Adolescents

· Moral Development

· Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development

· Are There Sex Differences in Moral Reasoning?

· Coordinating Moral, Social-Conventional, and Personal Concerns

· Influences on Moral Reasoning

· Moral Reasoning and Behavior

· Religious Involvement and Moral Development

· Further Challenges to Kohlberg’s Theory

· ? SOCIAL ISSUES: EDUCATION Development of Civic Engagement

· Gender Typing

· The family

· Parent–Child Relationships

· Family Circumstances

· Siblings

· Peer Relations

· Friendships

· Cliques and Crowds

· Dating

· Problems of Development

· Depression

· Suicide

· Delinquency

· ? BIOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT Two Routes to Adolescent Delinquency

Louis sat on the grassy hillside overlooking the high school, waiting for his best friend, Darryl, to arrive from his fourth-period class. The two boys often had lunch together. Watching as hundreds of students poured onto the school grounds, Louis reflected on what he had learned in government class that day. “suppose I had been born in the People’s Republic of China. I’d be sitting here, speaking a different language, being called by a different name, and thinking about the world in different ways. Wow,”Louis pondered. “I am who I am through some quirk of fate.”

Louis awoke from his thoughts with a start to see Darryl standing in front of him. “Hey, dreamer! I’ve been shouting and waving from the bottom of the hill for five minutes. How come you’re so spaced out lately, Louis?”

“Oh, just wondering about stuff—what I want, what I believe in. My older brother Jules—I envy him. He seems to know more about where he’s going. I’m up in the air about it. You ever feel that way?”

“Yeah, a lot,”Darryl admitted, looking at Louis seriously. “I wonder, what am I really like? Who will I become?”

Louis and Darryl’s introspective remarks are signs of a major reorganization of the self at adolescence: the development of identity. Both young people are attempting to formulate who they are—their personal values and the directions they will pursue in life.

We begin this chapter with Erikson’s account of identity development and the research it has stimulated on teenagers’ thoughts and feelings about themselves. The quest for identity extends to many aspects of development. We will see how a sense of cultural belonging, moral understanding, and masculine and feminine self-images are refined during adolescence. And as parent–child relationships are revised and young people become increasingly independent of the family, friendships and peer networks become crucial contexts for bridging the gap between childhood and adulthood. Our chapter concludes with a discussion of several serious adjustment problems of adolescence: depression, suicide, and delinquency. Identity versus Role Confusion Discussion

Identity versus Role Confusion Discussion