Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders of Motility Essay Assignment

Gastrointestinal Tract: Disorder of Motility

Pathophysiology of gastric acid stimulation and production

Gastric acid is produced by the gastric parietal cells. The is as a result of communication received through hormonal, neurocrine and paracrine messengers that are under three phases. Production, stimulation and parameter of gastric acid and pepsin display an equilibrium of chemo transmitters (Adelman & Lewis, 2012). The chemo transmitters link both the stimulatory and inhibitory mechanisms.

On the other hand, healing is regulated by overlapping autocrine, endocrine and paracrine control pathways that produces and protect a mechanism that could arise against harm by acid. Though acids may not be very vital in life, it benefits in vertebrate’s population is to facilitate protein digestion, vitamin B12, calcium and iron absorption. (Kahrilas, 2013). Inhibition and growth of bacteria that stops intestinal bacterial overgrowth is caused by the acid. Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders of Motility Essay Assignment – Nurs 6501 Week 8 Assignment 1

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Changes to acid production and stimulation with GERD, PUD and Gastric disorder

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease otherwise known as GERD, or heartburn, is triggered by the presence of acid in the stomach. The production of hydrochloric acid signals gastric acid production that is an indispensable digestive enzyme. This breaks down protein molecules for easier digestion. Acid flux to the oesophagus is at times noticed by individuals by when there is excessive secretion of acid in the stomach leading to hurt burn. Gastric acid causes the manifestation of GERD (Lowry, Bhakta, ; Nag, 2011). According to research it is revealed that issues that triggers GERD indicates that teaching on dietary lifestyle and intolerance factors lessen the acid secreation in the stomach. STOP

With regard to Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD), refers to the disturbance of mucosal integrity in the stomach. The disturbance is as a result of local disturbance and leads to a musical defect. The PUD disease can either be chronic or acute and they include those with excessive secretion of acid and the transferable ulcers etiology (Schubert ; Peura, 2008). Massive acid excretion contributes greatly to PUD and this mostly occurs to people having increased parietal cells and this eventually leads to hypersecretion of gastric acid.

Gastritis is also another disorder that is closely associated with the secretion of the acid. It occurs gradually and causes irritation of the stomach lining. For any person with gastritis, any change to gastric acid secretion can cause a collision in the stomach and this leads to abdominal pain (Valle, 2012).

Gender effect on Pathophysiology of GERD, Gastritis, and PUD

There has not been much information on GERD in men and women. Recent research establishes features in women who tend to experience chest pain, regurgitation, together with heartburn, showed small margin with the same results in men. GERD is familiar in women, and more likely regular among men since the women do experience relative more severe with frequent symptoms

PUD is more similar to GERD and women mostly fall victims of this disorder than men. This is as a result of less secretion of hormonal gastric acid and because of other body functions especially when the women are pregnant, of which they take and thus less immune to the protection of mucosa (Lowry, Bhakta, ; Nag, 2011). Gastritis, on the other hand, is common among men than it is for women. This is because mostly men consume a lot of alcohol than women.

Diagnosis and prescription of treatment for the disorders

Women should take precaution through screening at the health centre and this can help to manage the symptoms in case they occur. For PUD diagnosis, both genders can take an acid-blocking medication for diagnosis to check for improvement of PUD symptoms. If there are extensive ulcers, medication, individual’s lifestyle or surgery are some of the options for treatment. Gastritis diagnosis most of the times is associated with family background, blood test, upper endoscopy, and physical evaluation. The treatment of Gastritis is done through the intake of antacids to reduce stomach acids, the use of antibiotics in case of pylori infection, irritating foods elimination and shots of vitamin B12 if the cause is pernicious anaemia (Valle, 2012). Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders of Motility Essay Assignment – Nurs 6501 Week 8 Assignment 1

Mind map of Gastritis

References

Adelman, A. M., & Lewis, P. R. (2012). Gastritis, Esophagitis, and Peptic Ulcer Disease. In Fundamentals of Family Medicine (pp. 288-303). Springer New York.

Kahrilas, P. J. (2013). GERD pathogenesis, pathophysiology, and clinical manifestations. Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine, 70(Suppl 5), S4.

Lowry, A., Bhakta, K., & Nag, P. (2011). Gastroesophageal Reflux. New York: McGraw-Hill

Schubert, M. L., & Peura, D. A. (2008). Control of gastric acid secretion in health and disease. Gastroenterology, 134(7), 1842-1860.

Valle, J. (2012). Peptic Ulcer Disease. In New York: McGraw-Hill.