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handed down by the authorities.

Select one:

True

False

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Social risk factors in pregnancy that can have a negative effect on development include

Select one:

a. a large family

b. a lack of maternal education

c. the prenatal environment

d. unemployment

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Information processing characterizes thinking as the environment providing input of data, which is then transformed by our senses. The information can be stored, retrieved and transformed using “mental programs”, with the results being behavioral responses.

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True

False

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According to Erickson, infancy is the stage of

Select one:

a. rapid growth and development

b. trust vs. mistrust

c. attachment

d. obtaining object permanence

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A person who hates mess, is obsessively tidy, punctual and respectful of authority are examples of a person in ____ stage?

Select one:

a. oral

b. phallic

c. genital

d. anal

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Use of which of the following substances leads to the most preventable cause of irreversible developmental disabilities in the Western world?

Select one:

a. Herion

b. Alcohol

c. Crack cocaine

d. Cigarettes

Question 7

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?Which of the following statements is FALSE about infant communication?

Select one:

a. Babies need to hear speech from birth or they will not begin to babble at the appropriate age.

b. Babies prefer adult speech to baby talk.

c. Although all babies eventually develop all forms of speech, babies from different racial and cultural backgrounds develop these forms of speech in different sequences.

d. By the end of the first year, a baby’s expressive language is better than its receptive language.

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Which of the following factors does NOT contribute as a barrier to father-infant interactions in an unmarried, non-cohabitated situation?

Select one:

a. Maternal depression

b. Negative relationship with the mother’s family

c. Poverty

d. father’s occupation

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Views of others matter, avoidance of blame and seek approval are characteristics of what level of Kohlberg’s theory?

Select one:

a. level 2: conventional morality

b. level 3: post-conventional morality

c. level 1: pre-conventional morality

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During the Erickson’s generativity vs stagnation stage, we contemplate our accomplishments and can develop integrity if we see ourselves as leading a successful life.

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True

False

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Which of the following is NOT true about childbirth?

Select one:

a. Patterned breathing and relaxation can reduce a woman’s perception of pain.

b. Walking and movement during childbirth can shorten the labor.

c. Use of medication during labor and delivery is always a safe option.

d. The presence of a supportive birth attendant during labor can result in the requirement of less medical intervention

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Seth’s mother is playing a game with him. She hides his favorite bear under a couch pillow. Seth pushes the pillow aside and picks up his bear. Seth is displaying

Select one:

a. object permanence

b. memory

c. problem solving

d. primary circular reactions

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Which of the following statements is TRUE about failure to thrive infants?

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a. Failure to thrive infants start life at a low birth weight.

b. Failure to thrive is often an interaction between biologic and environmental factors.

c. Failure to thrive is usually associated with maternal deprivation.

d. Usually failure to thrive cases can be divided into those with identifiable organic and nonorganic causes.

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?It is important for parents of an infant being cared for in the neonatal intensive care unit to

Select one:

a. spend time interacting with their infant

b. avoid touching their infant because of the risk of injury

c. visit with their infant only for brief periods of time.

d. only interact with their infant through a protective plastic barrier

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Which of the following statements is FALSE concerning the effects of illegal drugs on prenatal development?

Select one:

a. Illegal drug use can increase the risk of low birth weight

b. Illegal drug use results in developmental disabilities and birth defects

c. Illicit drug use during pregnancy can increase the risk of miscarriage.

d. Infants born to addicted mothers can also be addicte

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In the psychosexual _____ stage in life are oral, or mouth orientated, such as sucking, biting, and breastfeeding.

Select one:

a. phallic

b. genital

c. anal

d. oral

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All of the following are results of early intervention programs with families EXCEPT

Select one:

a. reduction in delinquent behavior

b. decrease in sexually transmitted diseases

c. improvement of cognitive development

d. improved social adjustment

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Infant mortality rates are highest in states that have

Select one:

a. poor literacy rates

b. poor access to health care

c. higher teen birth rates

d. higher rates of obesity

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Infant mental health

Select one:

a. involves therapy

b. has never been studied

c. Focuses on the infant’s feeding behaviors

d. refers to the infant’s emotional, social and cognitive functioning

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The Apgar test helps determine

Select one:

a. the general condition of the newborn immediately after birth

b. the maturity of the infant’s lungs.

c. the expected size of the infant at birth

d. the length of time expected for labor.

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Which of the following is a result of high maternal depression during pregnancy?

Select one:

a. Spontaneous abortion

b. Lower vagal tone

c. Small head circumference

d. Slowed growth

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Which of the following has NOT been associated with an increased risk of sudden infant death syndrome?

Select one:

a. Placing the infant in the caregiver’s bed to sleep

b. Prematurity

c. Exposure to tobacco smoke

d. Placing the infant on his stomach to sleep

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In Erickson’s theory, the child begins to assert control and power over their environment by planning activities, accomplishing tasks and facing challenges in which stage?

Select one:

a. Intimacy vs. Isolation

b. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

c. Initiative vs. Guilt

d. Industry vs. Inferiority

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Researchers can determine how babies process information by measuring how long it takes a baby to stop paying attention to the same stimulus. This is called

Select one:

a. categorization

b. boredom

c. dishabituation

d. habituation

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Helping the mother identify which of her behaviors has contributed to the infant’s growth and nutrition problem is an appropriate treatment for failure to thrive.

Select one:

True

False

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Depression can interfere with parenting an infant in all of the following ways EXCEPT

Select one:

a. The depressed parent is less likely to change the infant’s diapers.

b. The depressed parent is less responsive to the infant.

c. The depressed parent is less inclined to play with the infant.

d. The depressed parent makes less eye contact when feeding the infant.

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Piaget’s ____ stage is logical reasoning that can only be applied to objects that are real or can be seen.

Select one:

a. pre-operational

b. formal operations

c. concrete operations

d. sensori-motor stage

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All of the following might place a baby at risk for attachment failure EXCEPT

Select one:

a. substance abuse by parents

b. maternal depression

c. prematurity

d. high levels of environmental stress

Question 29

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In the psychosexual ____ stage, the child’s energy is channeled into developing new skills and acquiring new knowledge, and play becomes largely confined to other children of the same gender.

Select one:

a. anal

b. phallic

c. genital

d. latency

Question 30

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In this Erickson’s stage, the child’s peer group will gain greater significance and will become a major source of the child’s self-esteem.

Select one:

a. Industry vs. inferiority

b. Autonomy vs. shame and doubt

c. Intimacy vs. isolation

d. Identity vs. role confusion

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