Female Link Related to Cardiovascular Disease Essay

Respond on two different days who selected different alterations and factors than you, in one or more of the following ways:

Share insights on how the factor you selected impacts the cardiovascular alteration your colleague selected.

Offer and support an alternative perspective using readings from the classroom or from your own research in the Walden Library.

Validate an idea with your own experience and additional research.

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Abstract

February was Heart Month. Clinical Cardiology has embraced the opportunity to share with clinicians and scientists the major adverse impact of cardiovascular disease in women, identifying actionable items derived from recent research studies and highlighting gaps in our knowledge that require investigation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The invited expert clinician/scientists in this issue of Clinical Cardiology , Drs. Noel Bairey Merz, Pamela Ouyang, Leslee Shaw, and Nanette Wenger, are members of the Society for Women’s Health Research, Interdisciplinary Studies In Sex?differences (ISIS) Network on Cardiovascular Disease.

It is well known that cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality for women in the United States, claiming more women’s lives annually than the next 7 causes of mortality (including cancer deaths) combined.1 It is noteworthy that since 2000, cardiovascular mortality among women has decreased even more abruptly than for men. This has been attributed both to increased application of preventive strategies and to improved therapies for established cardiovascular disease, including secondary prevention. But warning signs of a reversal of this favorable trend loom on the horizon. The cardiovascular mortality rate for younger women (age 35–54 years) is increasing, likely a reflection of our national epidemic of obesity and sedentary lifestyle, and an increased occurrence of diabetes, hypertension, and the metabolic syndrome.2 Despite the enhanced awareness of cardiovascular risk among women due to widespread educational campaigns,3 with awareness increasing from 30% in 1997 to 54% in 2009 surveys, almost half of US women currently fail to recognize cardiovascular disease as their major health problem and fail to partner with their healthcare providers to adopt heart?healthy lifestyles.

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Congestive heart failure (CHF) is the inability of the heart to generate adequate cardiac output, resulting in the build-up of fluid throughout various parts of the body. CHF increases the heart’s workload and can lead to an enlarged heart over time. CHF affects nearly 10% of individuals aged 65 or older and is a common cause of hospital admission (Huether & McCance, 2017).

Hypertension Link to CHF

Hypertension can lead to narrowing of the arteries causing them to lose elasticity. The shrinkage and loss of elasticity decrease blood flow and cause your heart to work harder. Over time the heart can become more extensive and thicker, which again increases demand and prompts the heart to work harder to meet the requirements of the body for nutrients and oxygen (American Heart Association).

One of the common causes of CHF is coronary artery disease (CAD), which occurs as a result of hyperlipidemia. Hyperlipidemia is the result of fatty deposits in the arteries, also known as plaques, that lead to narrowing and decreased blood blow (American Heart Association, 2019). Some studies have suggested that specifically lowering the LDL-C benefits lowering blood pressure and some cholesterol-lowering drugs can positively affect blood pressure (Dalal et al., 2012).

The Female Link Related to Cardiovascular Disease

The leading cause of death for women in the United States is heart disease, affecting approximately 1 in every 5. It is the leading cause of death among white and African-American women. Risk factors include obesity, diabetes, diet, exercise, and alcohol abuse. Useful ways to reduce risks are; have a good baseline of blood pressure and updated lab values, quit smoking, proper diet, limit alcohol and manage stress levels (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2019).

References

American Heart Association, (2019). How High Blood Pressure Can Lead to Heart Failure. Retrieved from https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/high-blood-pressure/health-threats-from-high-blood-pressure/how-high-blood-pressure-can-lead-to-heart-failure

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2019). Women and Heart Disease. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/women.htm

Dalal, J. J., Padmanabhan, T. N., Jain, P., Patil, S., Vasnawala, H., & Gulati, A. (2012). LIPITENSION: Interplay between dyslipidemia and hypertension. Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolism, 16(2), 240–245. doi:10.4103/2230-8210.93742

Female Link Related to Cardiovascular Disease Essay