Discovering Human Sexuality THIRD EDITION

Available free of charge, this online companion to the textbook provides a thorough set of study tools that includes questions, activities, flashcards, and other

resources to help you learn the material quickly and effectively.

Animations (included in the Activities) clearly explain important concepts and processes in easy-to-follow narratives.

A comprehensive set of Study Questions covers the full range of content in every chapter. Each

question is referenced to a textbook section, for review.

Labeling Activities and dynamic step-by-step illustrations simplify complex concepts and reinforce

important anatomy and terminology.

Companion Website

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WEB ACTIVITIES The following activities are available on the site.

Page numbers indicate where in the textbook each is referenced.

ADDITIonAL fEATurES Chapter outlines & Summaries provide a thorough review of each chapter.

Learning objectives in the form of short-answer questions help you focus on the important topics in each chapter.

Quizzes with multiple choice and essay questions allow you to test your comprehension of each chapter and synthesize and apply the concepts you have learned. (Instructors must register in order for their students to be able to take the quizzes.)

flashcards help you quickly learn and review all the important terminology introduced in each chapter.

In addition, the website includes a set of Web Links for each chapter, as well as a complete Glossary.

2.1 The Vulva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

2.2 Internal Anatomy of the Vulva. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

2.3 The Female Reproductive Tract, Part 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

2.4 The Female Reproductive Tract, Part 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

2.5 The Pap Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

2.6 Ovarian and Uterine Cycles . . . . . . . . . . . . 38, 42, 43

2.7 Main Processes of the Menstrual Cycle . . . . . . . . . . 43

2.8 The Reproductive Years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

2.9 Internal Structure of the Lactating Breast. . . . . . . . . . 51

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3.1 The Male External Genitalia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

3.2 Internal Structure of the Erect Penis and the Urethra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

3.3 The Mechanism of Erection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

3.4 The Scrotum and Its Contents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

3.5 Internal Structure of the Testicle and Epididymis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

3.6 The Male Reproductive Tract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

3.7 Anatomy of the Prostate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

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4.1 Development of the Male and Female Reproductive Tracts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

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7.1 Definitions of Sexual Relationships . . . . . . . . . . . 192

7.2 Sternberg’s Seven Types of Love . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209

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8.1 How a Home Pregnancy Test Works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229

8.2 In Vitro Fertilization. . . . . 232 _____________________________________

9.1 Vasectomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291

9.2 Tubal Sterilization . . . . . . 292 _____________________________________

15.1 Milestones in the Global HIV/AIDS Pandemic . . . 480

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a.1 Mitosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552

a.2 Mitosis Time-Lapse Video . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552

a.3 Meiosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552

a.4 Differences and Similarities between Meiosis and Mitosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552

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Discovering Human Sexuality

third edition

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Sinauer Associates, Inc. ? Publishers Sunderland, Massachusetts U.S.A.

Discovering Human Sexuality

third edition

Simon LeVay west hollywood, california

Janice Baldwin university of california

santa barbara

John Baldwin university of california

santa barbara

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Discovering Human Sexuality, Third Edition Copyright © 2015 by Sinauer Associates, Inc. All rights reserved. This book may not be reproduced in whole or in part without permission from the publisher.

For information or to order, address: Sinauer Associates P.O. Box 407 Sunderland, MA 01375 USA Fax: 413-549-1118 E-mail: [email protected] Internet: www.sinauer.com

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

LeVay, Simon. Discovering human sexuality / Simon LeVay, West Hollywood, CA, Janice Baldwin, University of California, Santa Barbara, John Baldwin, University of California, Santa Barbara. — Third edition. pages cm ISBN 978-1-60535-275-6 (alk. paper) 1. Sex (Psychology) 2. Sex (Biology) 3. Sex–Social aspects. I. Baldwin, Janice I. II. Baldwin, John D., 1941- III. Title. BF692.L47 2015 306.7–dc23 2014044757

Printed in the USA 5 4 3 2 1

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Simon LeVay, PhD is a British-born neuroscientist turned writer and teacher. He has served on the faculties of Harvard Medical School and the Salk Institute for Biologi- cal Studies and has taught at Harvard; the University of California, San Diego; and Stanford University. He is best known for a 1991 study that described a difference in brain structure between heterosexual and homosexual men; this study helped spark a wealth of new research on the biology of sexual orientation. LeVay is the author or coauthor of 11 books, the most recent of which is a historical novel, The Donation of Constantine (Lambourn, 2013).

Janice Baldwin, PhD and John Baldwin, PhD are sociologists at the University of California, Santa Barbara. They have been collaborators in numerous studies and coauthored many articles in the areas of play, creativity, sexuality, and sex educa- tion, as well as the textbook Behavior Principles in Everyday Life (Prentice Hall). John Baldwin’s latest book is Ending the Science Wars (Paradigm, 2008). The Baldwins co- teach an undergraduate human sexuality course that is regularly voted best course at UCSB. They also teach an advanced seminar course on the same topic. Their students run a sex-ed website, SexInfoOnline (www.SexInfoOnline.com).

About the Authors

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chapter 1 Sexuality: Pathways to Understanding 3

chapter 2 Women’s Bodies 21

chapter 3 Men’s Bodies 61

chapter 4 Sex, Gender, and Transgender 87

chapter 5 Attraction, Arousal, and Response 123

chapter 6 Sexual Behavior 155

chapter 7 Sexual Relationships 191

chapter 8 Fertility, Pregnancy, and Childbirth 227

chapter 9 Contraception and Abortion 265

chapter 10 Sexuality across the Life Span: From Birth to Adolescence 305

chapter 11 Sexuality across the Life Span: Adulthood 335

chapter 12 Sexual Orientation 365

chapter 13 Atypical Sexuality 401

chapter 14 Sexual Disorders 431

chapter 15 Sexually Transmitted Infections 461