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Midterm Exam
March 19, 2018
Name______________________________
1. If researchers want to keep the attention of 8 week old infants, they would use these colors:
a. blue and green b. yellow and blue c. green and red d. green and yellow
2. In the Still Face Experiment, the baby reacts with despair because
a. She has lost her ability to read her mother’s mood
b. She has lost her ability to socially engage her mother
c. She has lost her ability to regain her mother’s engagement
d. All of these
3. A mother goes to the pediatrician, and she asks at what age the infant began to crawl. The mother answers “Seven months.” This is called
a. Normative development b. Individual development
c. Behavioral Organization d. Evolution
4. This researcher claimed that an unavailable mother could cause a non-integrated personality in her infant
a. Freud b. Horney c. Bandura
5. Erikson theorized a Stage Development theory, but unlike Freud’s psycho-sexual stages, it is
a. psychoanalytical b. information processing c. psychosocial
6. If a 25-year-old person cannot find a relationship partner with similar interests and experiences constant breakups, Erikson would claim that she had not moved elegantly through this prior stage:
a. Intimacy v. Isolation b. Initiative v. Guilt
c. Phallic d. Identity v. Role Confusion
7. If you have a question about whether a newborn knows his mother’s voice, and you wish to do research on this topic, you frame a statement, “Newborns recognize their mothers’ voices at two days old.” This statement is your
a. Research question b. Hypothesis c. Lab experiment
8. A research design where experimenters control the situation in a closed environment and manipulate a variable to rule out other influences is a
a. Natural observation b. Lab experiment c. Interview
9. The pregnant mother feels her best during this trimester
a. first b. second c. third
10. A problem with controlled experiments is
a. No one knows if it will also pertain to situations in the natural environment.
b. The experimenter has to pay his/her subjects.
c. The experimenter must find random subjects.
d. The experimenter must train his/her confederate subjects.
11. An 8-year old child explains that a playground fight she observed could have been avoided if the two children involved had first “talked things out.” This is an example of
a. Piaget’s Preoperational Stage b. Piaget’s Concrete Operational Stage
c. Sociocultural Theory d. Proximal Development
12. The theory that explains thought processes by comparing them to a computer is
a. Sociocultural Theory b. Piaget’s Formal Operational Theory
c. Information-Processing Theory d. Psychoanalytical Theory
13. A ten year old child is taught Algebra by his father who is a math professor, and is placed in a math enrichment class. The difference between the child’s math ability in the average class (prior to being tutored) and the math enrichment class is an example of
a. Information Processing b. Zone of Proximal Development
c. Preoperational d. Latency
14. Someone who constantly chews gum would be fixed in which of Freud’s stages?
a. Genital Stage b. Oral Stage c. Anal Stage d. Phallic Stage
15. Freud’s Stage Sub-Theory contained in the larger Psychoanalytical Theory
a. Psycho-social b. Sociocultural c. Psycho-sexual
16. This type of study retains the same group of people over a long period and studies changes in their cognition, physical development, or social-emotional development.
a. Longitudinal b. Cross-sectional c. Contextual
17. Infants can demonstrate depression.
a. True b. False
18. Circle two : The following two circumstances can cause a sudden performance change for a child in the classroom:
a. Culture
b. Parent unemployment
c. Poverty level
d. Homelessness
19. The special kind of cell division that occurs with egg and sperm cells is
a. Mitosis
b. Homologous
c. Somatic
d. Meiosis
20. Each reproductive cell (egg or sperm) has this number of chromosomes.
a. 46 b. 23 c. 24 d. 2 (X and Y)
21. When crossing over in mitosis occurs, it guarantees that
a. The gene assortment (other than identical twins) will be unique
b. Even identical twins will have 75% different genes
c. Fraternal twins will not have different genes
22. What determines gender in a child is the 23rd pair of chromosomes, one from the mother and one from the father. The configuration of XX or XY is determined by the
a. mother b. father c. either d. neither
23. A zygote that splits into two identical zygotes that reproduce in one amniotic sac
a. Boy b. Girl c. Monozygotic Twins d. Dizygotic Twins
24. The embryo’s life support system after the first week of development
a. trophoblast b. embryoblast c. blastocyst
25. At what point in embryo development do the arms and legs begin to form?
a. 14 days b. 7 weeks c. 4 weeks d. 15-20 days
26. The fluid-filled environment that protects the fetus is the
a. Placenta b. Amniotic sac c. Umbilical cord d. Mesoderm
27. The baby’s Apgar Score can be affected by
a. The baby’s sex b. Birth complications
c. The mother’s mental condition d. hospital nursery care
28. When the baby learns to press a lever on his crib toy to make a certain noise, this is which kind of learning?
a. Classical conditioning b. Operant Conditioning
c. Shaping d. Imitative Learning
29. When a baby practices walking with her little handbag on her arm, this is an example of which kind of learning?
a. Classical conditioning b. Associative Learning
c. Operant conditioning d. Imitative Learning
30. Infants can see all primary colors at 4 weeks old
a. True b. False
31. The first object that infants recognize is
a. Their hands b. Their mother’s face c. Their mobile
32. Which shape gets a 4 month’s old attention?
a. Triangle b. Square c. Circle
33. Piaget’s stage where the children’s movement ability and senses are developing is
a. Preoperational b. Sensorimotor c. Concrete d. Operational
34. With Object Permanence, at which stage will the baby commit the “a not b” error?
a. Stage 2 b. Stage 3 c. Stage 4 d. Stage 5
35. Winnicott explained that a transitional object is favored by the child as
a. A substitute for a parent
b. A surrogate playmate
c. A bridge from the infant to the mother during the mother’s absence
d. a favorite toy
36. Bowlby would say that the brain response smile when an infant is 2 weeks old is a built-in mechanism to promote
a. Bonding with strangers b. Just a mechanism
c. Bonding with parents d. Socialization in general
37. In Ainsworth’s Strange Situation study, when the infant ignores his/her mother upon her return into the room, the infant has:
a. Anxious-Avoidant Attachment b. Anxious-Resistant Attachment
c. Secure Attachment d. Disorganized Attachment
38. In Ainsworth’s Strange Situation study, when the infant greets the mother by ending his/her distress upon her return into the room, the infant has:
a. Anxious-Avoidant Attachment b. Anxious-Resistant Attachment
c. Secure Attachment d. Disorganized Attachment
39. Kagan’s studies demonstrate that a child’s temperament is apparent by 4 months