Assignment: NURS 6521 Week 8 Discussion Essay

While HIV/AIDS is still currently incurable, the prognosis for patients with this infectious disease has improved due to advancements in drug treatments. Consider the case of Kristy Aney. Kristy was diagnosed with HIV in 1992 and was told she would survive, at most, 10 more years. Despite unfavorable odds, Kristy is still alive 20 years later. Since her diagnosis, she has witnessed tremendous improvements in HIV/AIDS treatments which have helped patients live longer with fewer side effects.

While she acknowledges that these drug treatments have kept her alive, she fears that improvements in drug therapy have led to more people becoming complacent about the disease (Idaho Statesmen, 2012). In fact, the number of people living with HIV/AIDS in the United States is higher than it has ever been (CDC, 2012). This poses the question: Is there a relationship between drug advancements, societal complacency, and infection?

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To prepare for Assignment: NURS 6521 Week 8 Discussion Essay:

• Review Chapter 49 of the Arcangelo and Peterson text, as well as the Montaner et al (2014) articles in the Learning Resources.
• Reflect on whether or not the prevalence of HIV cases might be attributed to increased complacency due to more advanced drug treatment options for HIV/AIDS.
• Consider how health care professionals can help to change perceptions and make people more aware of the realities of the disease.
• Think about strategies to educate HIV positive patients on medication adherence, as well as safe practices to reduce the risk of infecting others.

With these thoughts in mind:

Post an explanation of whether or not you think the prevalence of HIV cases might be attributed to increased complacency due to more advanced drug treatment options.Then, explain how health care professionals can help to change perceptions and increase awareness of the realities of the disease. Finally, describe strategies to educate HIV positive patients on medication adherence, as well as safe practices to reduce the risk of infecting others. Assignment: NURS 6521 Week 8 Discussion Essay.

Assignment: NURS 6521 Week 8 Discussion Essay

NURS 6521N Week 7 Quiz (2018): Advanced Pharmacology: Walden University

Question 1

A nurse is providing discharge instructions to a patient who will be taking fludrocortisone at home. The nurse will encourage the patient to eat a diet that is

A.

low in sodium and potassium.

B.

low in proteins.

C.

low in sodium, high in potassium.

D.

high in iron.

1 points   Save Answer

QUESTION 2

 

A patient who is postoperative day one following a metatarsal amputation is experiencing nausea and vomiting. Consequently, the nurse has administered an intravenous dose of metoclopramide. This drug will relieve the patient’s nausea by

A.

raising the pH of the patient’s gastric contents.

B.

stimulating the motility of the patient’s upper GI tract.

C.

blocking the effect of histamine at H2 receptors.

D.

eradicating H. Pylori bacteria from the patient’s stomach.

1 points   Save Answer

QUESTION 3

 

A teenage boy has undergone a diagnostic workup following several months of persistent, bloody diarrhea that appears to lack an infectious etiology. The boy has also experienced intermittent abdominal pain and has lost almost 15 pounds this year. Which of the following medications is most likely to treat this boy’s diagnosis?

A.

Lubiprostone

B.

Mesalamine

C.

Bismuth subsalicylate

D.

Docusate

1 points   Save Answer

QUESTION 4

 

Prior to administering a dose of 5-FU to a patient with pancreatic cancer, the nurse is conducting the necessary drug research. The nurse is aware that 5-FU is a cell cycle–specific chemotherapeutic agent. Which of the following statements best describes cell cycle–specific drugs?

A.

They follow a specific sequence of cytotoxic events in order to achieve cell death.

B.

They affect cancerous cells and normal body cells in a similar manner.

C.

They achieve a synergistic effect when administered in combination with cell cycle–nonspecific drugs.

D.

They affect cancerous cells during a particular phase of cellular reproduction.

1 points   Save Answer

QUESTION 5

A nurse is overseeing the care of a young man whose ulcerative colitis is being treated with oral prednisone. Which of the following actions should the nurse take in order to minimize the potential for adverse drug effects and risks associated with prednisone treatment?

A.

Avoid OTC antacids for the duration of treatment

B.

Carefully assess the patient for infections

C.

Teach the patient strategies for dealing with headaches

D.

Advocate for intravenous, rather than oral, administration

1 points   Save Answer

QUESTION 6

A patient is taking cholestyramine. The nurse will assess for which of the following common adverse effects of the drug?

A.

Headache

B.

Abdominal pain

C.

Indigestion

D.

Constipation

1 points   Save Answer

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QUESTION 7

A patient develops diarrhea secondary to antibiotic therapy. He is to receive two tablets of diphenoxylate HCl with atropine sulfate (Lomotil) orally as needed for each loose stool. The nurse should inform him that he may experience

A.

bradycardia.

B.

dizziness.

C.

muscle aches.

D.

increase in appetite.

1 points   Save Answer

QUESTION 8

A 33-year-old woman has irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The physician has prescribed simethicone (Mylicon) for her discomfort. Which of the following will the nurse monitor most closely during the patient’s drug therapy?

A.

Increased urine output

B.

Anorexia

C.

Drug toxicity

D.

Increased abdominal pain and vomiting

1 points   Save Answer

QUESTION 9

A nurse is assessing a female patient who is taking diphenoxylate HCl with atropine sulfate. Which of the following would lead the nurse to suspect that she is experiencing an allergic reaction?

A.

Toxic megacolon

B.

Urticaria

C.

Numbness of extremities

D.

Headache and lethargy

1 points   Save Answer

QUESTION 10

A clinic nurse is planning care for a 68-year-old man who has been on omeprazole (Prilosec) therapy for heartburn for some time. Regarding the patient’s safety, which of the following would be a priority nursing action?

A.

Monitor the patient for the development of diarrhea.

B.

Emphasize that the drug should not be crushed or chewed.

C.

Coordinate bone density testing for the patient.

D.

Teach the patient to take omeprazole 1 hour before meals.

1 points   Save Answer

QUESTION 11

A 29-year-old female patient has been prescribed orlistat (Xenical) for morbid obesity. The nurse is providing patient education concerning the drug. An important instruction to the patient would be to

A.

take orlistat in one dose at breakfast.

B.

take orlistat and multivitamins together.

C.

omit the dose if the meal does not contain fat.

D.

omit the dose if the meal does not contain protein.

1 points   Save Answer

QUESTION 12

A 29-year-old woman has been prescribed alosetron (Lotronex) for irritable bowel syndrome. Before starting the drug therapy, the nurse will advise the patient about which of the following adverse effect(s)?

A.

Breathlessness and hypotension

B.

Hyperthyroidism

C.

Constipation

D.

Impaired cardiac function

1 points   Save Answer

QUESTION 13

 

A nurse is aware that diphenoxylate HCl with atropine sulfate is an effective adjunct in the treatment of diarrhea. For which of the following patients could the administration of this drug be potentially harmful?

A.

A man who has experienced diarrhea shortly after beginning tube feeding through a nasogastric tube

B.

A woman who has experienced severe diarrhea associated with influenza

C.

An 80-year-old man who has diarrhea secondary to Clostridium difficile infection

D.

A 60-year-old woman who tends to get diarrhea during periods of intense stress

1 points   Save Answer

QUESTION 14

A nurse is planning care for a 59-year-old woman who is on ranitidine therapy. The nurse is concerned for the patient’s safety. Which of the following would be an appropriate nursing diagnosis?

A.

Diarrhea related to adverse effects of drug therapy

B.

Acute Pain related to adverse drug effects, headache

C.

Potential Complication: Electrolyte Imbalance related to hypophosphatemia, secondary to drug therapy

D.

Risk for Injury related to drug-induced somnolence, dizziness, confusion, or hallucinations

1 points   Save Answer

QUESTION 15

A 42-year-old man is being treated for a peptic ulcer with ranitidine (Zantac) taken PO at bedtime. Even though few adverse effects are associated with this drug, one common adverse effect that can be severe is

A.

irritability.

B.

heart palpitations.

C.

headache.

D.

dry mouth.

1 points   Save Answer

QUESTION 16

A 52-year-old man is suffering from a deficiency of exocrine pancreatic secretions and is prescribed pancrelipase (Pancrease MT). Before the medication therapy begins, the nurse will assess for allergies related to

A.

ragweed.

B.

pollen.

C.

pork.

D.

shellfish.

1 points   Save Answer

QUESTION 17

A 60-year-old man has scheduled a follow-up appointment with his primary care provider stating that the omeprazole (Prilosec) which he was recently prescribed is ineffective. The patient states, “I take it as soon as I feel heartburn coming on, but it doesn’t seem to help at all.” How should the nurse best respond to this patient’s statement?

A.

“Prilosec won’t really decrease the sensation of heartburn, but it is still minimizing the damage to your throat and stomach that can be caused by the problem.”

B.

“A better strategy is to take a dose of Prilosec 15 to 30 minutes before meals or drinks that cause you to get heartburn.”

C.

“It could be that Prilosec isn’t the right drug for you, so it would be best to talk this over with your care provider.”

D.

“Prilosec will help your heartburn but it’s not designed to provide immediate relief of specific episodes of heartburn.”

1 points   Save Answer

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QUESTION 18

A patient comes to the clinic asking for help to quit drinking alcohol. She has a 21-year history of heavy drinking and is worried about developing cirrhosis of the liver. The patient agrees to take disulfiram (Antabuse). The nurse will teach the patient that the combination of alcohol and Antabuse will cause which of the following?

A.

Diarrhea

B.

Bradycardia

C.

Nausea

D.

Slight headache

1 points   Save Answer

QUESTION 19

A patient has GERD and is taking ranitidine (Zantac). She continues to have gastric discomfort and asks whether she can take an antacid. Which of the following is an appropriate response by the nurse?

A.

“I wouldn’t advise it. You may experience severe constipation.”

B.

“No, the two drugs will work against each other.”

C.

“Sure, you may take an antacid with ranitidine.”

D.

“Yes, but be sure to wait at least 2 hours to take the antacid after you take the ranitidine.”

1 points   Save Answer

QUESTION 20

A patient with a long history of alcohol abuse has been admitted to an acute medical unit with signs and symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy. His current medication orders include QID doses of oral lactulose. What desired outcomes should the nurse associate with this drug order?

A.

Patient will express an understanding of his current bowel regimen.

B.

Patient will express relief from constipation.

C.

Patient will have formed bowel movements that do not contain frank or occult blood.

D.

Patient will have three to four loose bowel movements each day.

1 points   Save Answer

QUESTION 21

A patient has been prescribed rabeprazole (Aciphex). It will be important for the nurse to assess the patient’s drug history to determine if the patient is taking which of the following drugs?

A.

Levodopa

B.

Dicyclomine hydrochloride

C.

Morphine

D.

Digoxin

1 points   Save Answer

QUESTION 22

 

A woman with numerous chronic health problems has been diagnosed with a benign gastric ulcer has begun treatment with ranitidine (Zantac). Which of the following teaching points should the nurse provide to this patient?

A.

“Quitting smoking will significantly increase the chance that this drug will heal your ulcer.”

B.

“Take each dose of ranitidine with an antacid of your choice.”

C.

“This drug will help to eliminate the bacteria in your stomach that caused your ulcer.”

D.

“You should eat several small meals each day rather than three larger meals.”

1 points   Save Answer

QUESTION 23

 

A patient has been prescribed a histamine-2 (H2) receptor antagonist for the treatment of GERD. Why are H2RAs more effective than H1 receptor antagonists in the treatment of diseases of the upper GI tract?

A.

H2 receptors in the upper GI tract outnumber H1 receptors by a factor of 2:1.

B.

H2RAs may be administered orally and in an outpatient environment but H1RAs require intravenous administration.

C.

H2RAs have a longer duration of action and fewer adverse effects than H1RAs.

D.

The parietal cells of the stomach have H2 receptors but not H1 receptors.

1 points   Save Answer

QUESTION 24

 

A 22-year-old male college senior has lived with a diagnosis of Crohn’s disease for several years and has undergone several courses of treatment with limited benefit. Which of the following targeted therapies has the potential to alleviate the symptoms of Crohn’s disease?

A.

Tositumomab plus 131I (Bexxar)

B.

Eculizumab (Soliris)

C.

Infliximab (Remicade)

D.

Muromonab-CD3 (Orthoclone OKT3)

1 points   Save Answer

QUESTION 25

 

A 73-year-old woman has scheduled an appointment with her nurse practitioner to discuss her recurrent constipation. The woman states that she experiences constipation despite the fact that she takes docusate on a daily basis and performs cleansing enemas several times weekly. How should the nurse best respond to this patient’s statements?

A.

“Taking too many laxatives can make your bowels dependent on them, making you more susceptible to constipation.”

B.

“I’ll refer you to a specialist because it could be that you have a disease affecting your bowels or stomach.”

C.

“Try using a different over-the-counter laxative and see that if you resolves your problem.”

D.

“Because we become more prone to constipation as we age, you’ll likely need to increase the number of stool softeners you take.”

1 points   Save Answer

QUESTION 26

 

Mr. Tan is a 69-year-old man who prides himself in maintaining an active lifestyle and a healthy diet that includes adequate fluid intake. However, Mr. Tan states that he has experienced occasional constipation in recent months. What remedy should be the nurse’s first suggestion?

A.

Bismuth subsalicylate

B.

A bulk-forming (fiber) laxative

C.

A hyperosmotic laxative

D.

A stimulant laxative

1 points   Save Answer

QUESTION 27

 

A nurse is providing patient education for a patient who has been prescribed diphenoxylate HCl with atropine sulfate. Which of the following instructions would be important for self-administration of this drug?

A.

Take the drug with fruit juice

B.

Take the drug with a meal

C.

Decrease the dosage when the number of stools decreases

D.

Continue therapy until the physician discontinues the drug

1 points   Save Answer

QUESTION 28

 

A 48-year-old woman who works as an office manager is prescribed metoclopramide (Reglan) for diabetic gastroparesis. The nurse will be sure to assess the patient for

A.

tachycardia.

B.

anemia.

C.

hypotension.

D.

depression.

1 points   Save Answer

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QUESTION 29

To maximize the therapeutic effect of diphenoxylate HCl with atropine sulfate, the nurse will instruct the patient to take the medication

A.

once a day.

B.

twice a day.

C.

four times a day.

D.

every 2 hours.

1 points   Save Answer

QUESTION 30

 

A 57-year-old man is to begin 5-FU therapy for colon cancer. It will be most important for the nurse to monitor which of the following during the first 72 hours of the initial treatment cycle?

A.

Cardiac events

B.

Myelosuppression

C.

Nausea and vomiting

D.

White blood cell nadir

1 points   Save Answer

QUESTION 31

 

A patient who takes aluminum hydroxide with magnesium hydroxide (Mylanta) frequently for upset stomach, heartburn, and sour stomach is seen regularly in the clinic. The nurse should assess which of the following?

A.

Urine specific gravity

B.

Aspartate transaminase levels

C.

Blood glucose level

D.

Serum phosphate level

1 points   Save Answer

QUESTION 32

 

A 58-year-old man is prescribed dicyclomine (Bentyl) for irritable bowel syndrome. In which of the following conditions is dicyclomine therapy contraindicated?

A.

Hypertension

B.

Diabetes mellitus

C.

Glaucoma

D.

Rheumatoid arthritis

1 points   Save Answer

QUESTION 33

 

A patient on 5-FU calls the clinic and reports that he has between five and seven loose bowel movements daily. The nurse will instruct the patient to

A.

avoid protein-rich foods.

B.

notify the clinic if the stools are black or if there is evidence of blood.

C.

avoid grapefruit and grapefruit juice.

D.

treat the diarrhea with OTC medications.

1 points   Save Answer

QUESTION 34

 

Mesalamine (Asacol) is prescribed for a 22-year-old woman with Crohn disease. The nurse will discuss with the patient the possibility for which of the following adverse effects related to the new drug therapy?

A.

Metallic taste

B.

Increased appetite

C.

Fatigue

D.

Hair loss

1 points   Save Answer

QUESTION 35

 

It is determined that a patient, who is in a hepatic coma, needs a laxative. Lactulose is prescribed. Which of the following should the nurse monitor to assess the efficacy of the lactulose therapy?

A. 

Oncotic pressure in the colon

B.

Water levels in the colon

C.

Blood ammonia levels

D.

Relief from symptoms