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NSG 107 -2b Fluids and Electrolytes
Organs and their Role in Electrolyte Balance
Maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance
Fluid and Electrolyte Balance
–Intracellular fluid: fluid within cells
–Interstitial fluid -lymph
–Intravascular fluid; plasma
–Transcellular fluids – in specialized compartments of the body
Intake and Output – fluid gains and losses
Average fluid intake
Adult: 2500 mL/day (Range: 1800 to 3600 mL/day)
Sources: food and liquids
Fluid elimination
Sources : Urination, bowel elimination, perspiration, breathing
Insensible losses: sweat, exhaled air
Fluids & Electrolytes
Insensible Fluid losses are fluid loses from the skin and lungs; they are referred to as insensible losses because they can’t be measured or seen. Losses from evaporation of fluid through the skin are fairly constant but depend on a person’s total body surface area.
Sensible losses are fluid losses from urination, defecation, wounds, and other means. They are referred to as sensible losses because they can be measured. A typical adult loses about 150 to 200 ml/ day of fluid through defecation. In cases of severe diarrhea, losses may exceed 5,000 ml/ day (Wait & Alouidor, 2011).
Control of Fluid Balance
The primary control of water in the body is through pressure sensors in the vascular system that stimulate or inhibit the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the pituitary gland.
Control of Fluid Balance
cont…
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