DENTAL HYGIENE PICO RESEARCH QUESTION ASSIGNMENT

DENTAL HYGIENE PICO RESEARCH QUESTION ASSIGNMENT

DENTAL HYGIENE PICO RESEARCH QUESTION ASSIGNMENT

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)?related oropharyngeal cancers (OPC) have increased significantly despite availability of the HPV vaccine. HPV?positive oropharyngeal cancer is becoming more prevalent than tobacco?related OPC. Dental professionals screen for OPC and risk factors, but many are not prepared to address HPV immunization and prevention with patients. The aim of this study was to implement and assess a training module on HPV to increase dental providers’ knowledge, promote confidence in their ability to provide effective prevention interventions, and instill a positive attitude about recommending HPV immunization to their patients. The study used a pretest?posttest design. Participants were dental hygiene students in one U.S. dental hygiene program in 2017. The students completed the pretest, then viewed the online training module, and completed the posttest one week later. Of the 40 students who participated in the module, 37 completed both pretest and posttest, for a response rate of 93%. From pretest to posttest, the respondents showed a significant increase (CI=0.5, p<0.001) in knowledge of HPV prevention with mean scores increasing from 8.75 to 13.32 on a 15?point scale. The students demonstrated an increase (p<0.05) in confidence and comfort in providing HPV immunization counseling on the posttest, as well as an increase (p<0.05) in positive attitudes about recommending HPV immunization. This study found that the participants’ knowledge and confidence regarding HPV, HPV?related OPC, and HPV immunization increased after the module, suggesting that effective education and preparation for HPV counseling can be accomplished through modular?based education. This education would be beneficial in an institutional or professional setting. DENTAL HYGIENE PICO RESEARCH QUESTION ASSIGNMENT

https://doi.org/10.21815/JDE.019.164

DENTAL HYGIENE PICO RESEARCH QUESTION ASSIGNMENTLICK HERE TO ORDER

My PICO RESEARCH QUESTION: Is topical fluoride as effective in managing and reducing dentinal hypersensitivity, in comparison to the application of fluoride iontophoresis?

> 1. You must research 3 articles  that pertain to topic .

> 2. MUST FOLLOW THE PICO FORMATTING!

> 3. For each article, you must follow the attached outline. Attached is a sample of the outline to be followed for the assignment. It should be followed exactly as shown, however it should pertain to my topic. You must reference ALL work throughout the paper and at the end of the assignment.

4. Each article must contain/discuss: the title, the purpose, methods, results, critique and conclusion (please do not go off topic, the goal it to answer the PICO question designed by the end of the assignment)

Dental Hygiene

This paper is an analytical essay that examines the issue of whether topical fluoride can be effective in the management and reduction of tooth hypersensitivity. The essay shall compare whether using this topical fluoride is more effective when compared to the application of fluoride

iontophoresis. The PICO format shall be employed in analyzing three research papers related to this topic.
a) Article One.

1. Title

Botzenhart, U.,Braun, A., & Frentzen, M. (2012). Laser treatment of dentine hypersensitivity : An overview Part I

1. ii) Purpose

The authors of this paper carried out this study to investigate and compare the efficiency in using topical fluoride and laser techniques in the treatment of tooth sensitivity (Botzenhart et al, 2012). This article illustrates the benefits of using fluoride treatment through topical application and how this technique is more superior and effective compared to low laser radiation. At the same time, these two techniques are compared for efficacy when it comes to the management and treatment of tooth hypersensitivity (Botzenhart et al, 2012).

iii) Methods

This research study employed the use of comparison where conventional methods were compared against the use of laser technology. The effects of these two techniques were rated in terms of how they managed and reduced teeth hypersensitivity.  The research article mainly employed the methodological angle of review from research already done (Botzenhart et al, 2012). Hence, it provided secondary data with regards to sampled participants who had been previously treated with a diode laser that had a low energy level on each side. These diodes were meant to monitor the hypersensitivity level of teeth after the respective individual underwent the process of root canal, root planning and scaling.

The methodology also showed how control groups were used and administered with a different form of treatment which included  topical fluoride application. The latter contained a combination of protective varnish and fluoride that was meant to desensitize the teeth. All these sampled participants or patients were given a baseline encounter after which the pain and hypersensitivity of teeth were measured on a two-day interval. This pain was rated as either low, medium or high by each of the patients subjected to this study.

1. iv) Results

The findings of this study indicated that the occurrence of tooth hypersensitivity  was significantly reduced by a larger percentage. These results were achieved a few days after the treatment was administered to the patients. This is in contrast to the control group that was given topical fluoride for treatment of teeth hypersensitivity that did not report any decrease or changes after this medication was administered (Botzenhart et al, 2012). The complete absence of teeth hypersensitivity was only reported when the patients were given low laser treatment. In fact, the results showed that at least most of the patients who received diode laser treatment showed lesser hypersensitivity of teeth as compared to a dismal number of patients who were given topical fluoride treatment.

1. v) Critique

This research study settled for the use of a small sample size that is not representative of the entire human population that suffers from teeth hypersensitivity problems. Therefore, the findings could not be graphically drawn to indicate that the treatment regimen tested is conclusive based on the given sample size. A larger number of participants could have been sampled so as to make the study more representative and improve the validity of the findings.

1. vi) Conclusion

The authors of this paper concluded that the use of diode laser treatment of low energy is one of the successful ways of managing and treating tooth hypersensitivity (Pesevska et al, 2010).  This is in comparison to the use of topical fluoride that yields less success since it does not manage to completely eradicate tooth pain or issues of sensitivity.

1. b) Article Two
2. i) Title

Hashim, N. T., Gasmalla, B. G., Sabahelkheir, A. H., & Awooda, A. M. (2014). Effect of the clinical application of the diode laser (810 nm) in the treatment of dentine hypersensitivity. BMC Research Notes, 7(1), 1-9. doi:10.1186/1756-0500-7-31

1. ii) Purpose

Hashim et al (2014) carried out this study to evaluate and determine the effect of using diode lasers as one of the fluoride iontophoresis techniques in reducing tooth hypersensitivity. This technique was mainly applied so as to gauge the tensile strength of bonds between the coronal dentine and two additional adhesive systems. Additionally, the tubule occlusion was also measured quantitatively with regards to its role in minimizing the sensitivity of teeth.

iii) Methods

The researchers made use of twelve teeth that were obtained from willing individuals who were made known about the study (Hashim et al, 2014). These teeth were the third molars that were divided into four different groups.  The first group involved treatment with a total adhesive system only while the second group was treated with the same adhesive after undergoing treatment with fluoride iontophoresis (Hashim et al, 2014). The third group was treated with a different adhesive known as a self-etching system. Finally, the fourth group was treated with the same adhesive after fluoride iontophoresis was administered. These four groups were also fixed with a resin composite that was meant to produce additional beams to enhance their tensile strength.

1. iv) Results

The results of this experiment were obtained after each test was treated differently through fluoride iontophoresis. The four groups were passed through scanning electron microscopes or SEMs where the images were recorded and analyzed through a statistical software (Hashim et al, 2014). The results were analyzed through the use of analysis of variance or ANOVA, probability and significant difference tests. According to the results, there was a significant difference (P ?0.002) among  the groups that were treated with fluoride iontophoresis (Hashim et al, 2014).  The other groups that did not undergo the latter process registered no significant difference (P=1.000) in terms of reducing the sensitivity of teeth.

1. v) Critique

This experimental research made use of different statistical tools that did not properly capture the effectiveness of using fluoride iontophoresis as a mode of treating hypersensitivity in the teeth (Hashim et al, 2014).  Moreover, the use of molar teeth extracted from patients could not be deemed as a viable way of determining the reduction of pain. The alternative approach of measuring tubule occlusion is so not very appropriate with regards to the management  this dental condition.

 

 

1. vi) Conclusion

This research study was able to conclude that the use of fluoride iontophoresis is an effective way of treating the occurrence of hypersensitivity in the teeth (Hashim et al, 2014). The significant increase in the tubule occlusion was used as the indicator of the level of effectiveness of this technique. Hence, dentists can recommend to their patients that the hypersensitivity in the teeth can be significantly reduced and managed through the implementation of fluoride iontophoresis.

1. c) Article Three
2. i) Title

Hosoki, M., Bando, E., Asaoka, K., Takeuchi, H., & Nishigawa, K. (2009). Assessment of allergic hypersensitivity to dental materials. Bio-Medical Materials & Engineering, 19(1), 53-61. doi:10.3233/BME-2009-056

1. ii) Purpose

This research was conducted through a long-term study that sought to compare the efficiency in the treatment for both topical fluoride use and fluoride iontophoresis by considering whether patients had any form of allergies towards various dental materials. The study aimed at investigating how serious the cases of dental hypersensitivity can be and what would be the most appropriate form of treatment (Hosoki et al, 2009).

iii) Method

The study employed the use of  a total of 212 patients (n=212) who were subjected to different forms of treatment (Hosoki et al, 2009). The patients were divided into male and female groups where 45 males and 167 females took part in the study. The sampled participants were then subjected to thirteen different forms of treatment with each of them testing for the extent of dental hypersensitivity (Hosoki et al, 2009). The extent and level of teeth allergic reactions were then recorded and tabulated accordingly.

1. iv) Results

The results of this study showed that the effectiveness of the topical application of fluoride in treating tooth hypersensitivity was directly related to the extent of teeth damage as well as the composition of the allergens used in the research process. In addition, if the treatment administered was closely related to the allergen the patient suffered from, then patients who suffered from severe or acute teeth hypersensitivity had the pain reduced significantly through the use of appropriate fluoride treatments.

1. v) Critique

The duration of this research study was too long such that the patients and sampled individuals would have easily grown tired or weary. Additionally, the financial implications of this study were too high considering the extended time frame employed in the process of comparing the efficacy of these two techniques.

1. vi) Conclusion

This research was able to illustrate that fluoride iontophoresis is very effective when it comes to the management and reduction of issues of hypersensitivity in the teeth (Hosoki et al, 2009).  However, the process can be quite costly due to the technical aspects involved. On the other hand, the use of topical application of fluoride is less effective but affordable altogether. Therefore, fluoride iontophoresis should be the recommended regimen for minimizing teeth hypersensitivity for people facing a recurrent problem in their dental area.

 

 

DENTAL HYGIENE PICO RESEARCH QUESTION ASSIGNMENT REFERENCES

Botzenhart, U., Braun, A., & Frentzen, M. (2012). Laser treatment of dentine hypersensitivity:     An overview Part I

Hashim, N. T., Gasmalla, B. G., Sabahelkheir, A. H., & Awooda, A. M. (2014). Effect of the clinical application of the diode laser (810 nm) in the treatment of dentine hypersensitivity. BMC Research Notes, 7(1), 1-9. doi:10.1186/1756-0500-7-31

Hosoki, M., Bando, E., Asaoka, K., Takeuchi, H., & Nishigawa, K. (2009). Assessment of allergic hypersensitivity to dental materials. Bio-Medical Materials & Engineering, 19(1),   53-61. doi:10.3233/BME-2009-056