Assignment: Comprehensive Case Study On COPD

Assignment: Comprehensive Case Study On COPD

Assignment is attached and I need no later than Tuesday morning

Instructions are attached in the document:

Additional information listed below:

The “Table of Normal Values” needs to include 4 columns

• Column 1 – Name of test (i.e. BP, Hematocrit, PaCo2 etc) use the same tests and values from the chart in assignment
• Column 2 – The test values for M.K. (Patient)
• Column 3 – Normal Values for patient based
• Column 4 – reference for where values were found

Treatment Options: Part 2 (A)

• Answers to these questions must be in paragraph form

Reference Section (APA Format)

Answers to all questions: Part 2 (B)

• These answers do not need to be in paragraph format

ORDER Assignment: Comprehensive Case Study On COPD

Week 2: COPD Case Study Part 1 Example

(Initial post due Tuesday, faculty and peer responses due Sunday)

Purpose

Problem-based learning is a methodology designed to help students develop the reasoning process used in clinical practice through problem solving actual patient problems in the same manner as they occur in practice.  The purpose of this activity is to develop students’ clinical reasoning skills using a case-based learning exercise. Through participation in an online discussion forum, students identify learning issues in a self-directed manner which facilitates learning for the entire group.

Activity Learning Outcomes

Through this discussion, the student will demonstrate the ability to:

1. Demonstrate competence in the evaluation and management of common respiratory problems (WO 2.1) ?(CO,2,3,4,5)
2. Distinguish between obstructive and restrictive lung disease (CO 2, 4) Develop a management plan for the case study patient based on identified primary, secondary and differential diagnoses.?(WO 2.2) (CO 2,4)
3. Interpret pulmonary function test results. (WO 2.3) (CO 2, 4)

Due Date: 

Student enters initial post to part one by 11:59 p.m. MT on Tuesday; responds substantively to at least one topic-related post of a peer including evidence from appropriate sources AND all direct faculty questions in parts one by Sunday, 11:59 p.m. MT.

A 10% late penalty will be imposed for discussions posted after the deadline on Tuesday 11:59pm MT, regardless of the number of days late. NOTHING will be accepted after 11:59pm MT on Sunday (i.e. student will receive an automatic 0).

 

Total Points Possible:  50

 

Case Study – Part 1

Date of visit: November 20,

A 62 year-old Caucasian male presents to the office with persistent cough and recent onset of shortness of breath. Upon further questioning you discover the following subjective information regarding the chief complaint.

History of Present Illness Onset 6 months Location Chest Duration Cough is intermittent but frequent, worse in the AM Characteristics Productive; whitish-yellow phlegm Aggravating factors Activity Relieving factors Rest Treatments Tried Robitussin DM without relief of symptoms   Severity Unable to walk > 20ft without stopping to catch his breath. Last year at this time he routinely walked 1 mile per day without difficulty Review of Systems (ROS) Constitutional Denies fever, chills, or weight loss Ears Denies otalgia and otorrhea Nose Denies rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, sneezing or post nasal drip. Throat Denies ST and redness Neck Denies lymph node tenderness or swelling Chest Describes a persistent productive cough upon wakening for the last 6 months. Color of phlegm is usually white-yellowish. Shortness of breath with activity. Cardiovascular Denies chest pain and lower extremity edema

Assignment: Comprehensive Case Study On COPD

History Medications Metoprolol succinate ER (Toprol-XL) 50mg daily for hypertension; Multivitamin daily PMH Primary hypertension PSH Cholecystectomy, appendectomy Allergies Penicillin (hives) Social Married, 3 children Senior accountant at a risk management firm Habits Former smoker (20 pack-year), quit “cold turkey” when father died; Denies alcohol or illicit drug use. FH Father died of MI & CHF at age 59 years (diabetes, hypertension, smoker) Mother is alive (osteoporosis) Healthy siblings

 

Physical exam reveals the following:

Physical Exam Constitutional Adult male in NAD, alert and oriented, able to speak in full sentences VS Temp-98.1, P-66, RR-20, BP 156/94, Height 68.9in, Weight 258 pounds, O2sat 94% on RA Head Normocephalic Ears Tympanic membranes gray and intact with light reflex noted. Pinna and tragus nontender. Nose Nares patent. Nasal turbinates clear without redness or edema. Nasal drainage is clear. Throat Oropharynx moist, no lesions or exudate. Tonsils ¼ bilaterally. Teeth in good repair, no cavities noted. Neck Neck supple. No lymphadenopathy. Thyroid midline, small and firm without palpable masses. No JVD Cardiopulmonary Heart S1 and S2 with no murmurs, noted. Lungs clear to auscultation bilaterally with faint forced expiratory wheezes in bilateral bases. Respirations unlabored. Legs without edema. Abdomen Soft, non-tender. No organomegaly

 

Requirements/Questions:

1. Briefly and concisely summarize the history and physical (H&P) findings as if you were presenting it to your preceptor using the pertinent facts from the case. May use approved medical abbreviations. Avoid redundancy and irrelevant information.
2. Provide a differential diagnosis (minimum of 3) which might explain the patient’s chief complaint along with a brief statement (2-3 sentences) of pathophysiology for each.
3. Analyze the differential by using the pertinent findings from the history and physical to argue for or against a diagnosis.
4. Rank the differential in order of most likely to least likely.
5. Identify any additional tests and/or procedures that you feel is necessary or needed to help you narrow your differential. All testing decisions must be supported with an evidence-based practice (EBP) argument as to why it is necessary or pertinent in this case. If no testing is indicated or needed, you must also support this decision with EBP evidence. Assignment: Comprehensive Case Study On COPD.

 

DISCUSSION CONTENT Category Points % Description Application of Course Knowledge 15 30% 1.      A brief AND concise summary of the history and physical (H&P) findings is presented without redundancy or irrelevant information; AND 2.      Three (3) appropriate diagnoses in the differential are presented which can explain the patient’s chief complaint; AND 3.      A brief statement of pathophysiology is included for each diagnosis; AND 4.      Each diagnosis in the differential is analyzed using pertinent positive and negative subjective and objective findings as support; AND 5.      The differential is ranked in order from most likely to least likely; AND 6.      Clinical reasoning skills are demonstrated by linking testing to diagnoses as applicable; AND 7.      Testing decisions are well supported with EBP arguments that are in-line with the clinical scenario and appropriate for the primary care setting (7 critical elements) Support from Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) 15 30% 1.      Discussion post is supported with appropriate, scholarly sources; AND 2.      Sources are published within the last 5 years (unless it is the most current CPG); AND 3.      Reference list is provided and in-text citations match; AND 4.      All testing decisions are fully supported with an appropriate EBP argument (4 critical elements) Interactive Dialogue 10 20% 1.      Student provides a substantive* response to at least one topic-related post of a peer; AND 2.      Evidence from appropriate scholarly sources are included; AND 3.      Reference list is provided and in-text citations match; AND 4.      Student responds to all direct faculty questions (*) A substantive post adds new content or insights to the discussion thread and information from student’s original post is not reused in peer or faculty response (4 critical elements) Total CONTENT Points= 40 pts ORDER Assignment: Comprehensive Case Study On COPD DISCUSSION FORMAT Category Points % Description Organization 5 10% 1.      Case study response is presented in a logical format, AND 2.      Responses are in sequence with the numbered questions AND 3.      The case study response is understandable and easy to follow AND 4.      All responses are relevant to the case topic (4 critical elements) Grammar, Syntax, Spelling & Punctuation 5 10% Discussion post has minimal grammar, syntax, spelling, punctuation, or APA format errors*   Total FORMAT Points= 10 pts DISCUSSION TOTAL= 50 pts

 

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 ReplyReply to Week 2: COPD Case Study Part 1 (Initial post due Tuesday, faculty and peer responses due Sunday)

 

Jan 12, 2020Jan 12 at 8:06am

Manage Discussion Entry

Summary

Patient is a 62-yr. old male with a cc of frequent productive cough for the past 6 months that is worse in the morning. The cough is worse with activity and relieved by rest. He has been experiencing decreased activity tolerance. Last year he routinely walked a mile a day and now he can’t walk over 20 feet without having to stop due to being short of breath. He has taken Robitussin DM without any relief in symptoms. He has a history of HTN for which he takes Toprol XL daily. He also takes a multivitamin daily. He is a former smoker of 20 pack-year who denies alcohol or illicit drug use. His father died at age 59 of MI & CHF. His father had a history of diabetes, HTN, and smoking. His mother is alive with a history of osteoporosis. His siblings are healthy.

ROS– Patient denies any fever, chills, or weight loss. He has no nasal congestion or post-nasal drip. Patient has shortness of breath with activity. He reports having a persistent productive cough with with-yellowish phlegm. Patient denies any chest pain or edema in his lower extremities.

PE-Upon exam patient is afebrile with a BP of 156/94, HR 66, RR 20 and o2 sat 94% on room air. His BMI is 39.23. No has clear nasal drainage. S1 and S2 with no murmurs. Lungs are clear bilaterally with faint forced expiratory wheezes in bilateral bases. Respirations unlabored. Legs without edema.

Differential Diagnosis ranked most likely to least likely:

#1 COPD

COPD is a persistent respiratory condition that is common and preventable. Cigarette smoking is the most significant risk factor. COPD is characterized by chronic airflow limitation due to inflammation.  Structural changes and destruction of the lung parenchyma take place leading to loss of alveolar attachments to the small airways and a reduction in lung elastic recoil. These changes decrease the ability of the airways to remain open during expiration (GOLD, 2020).

 

Analysis:

Pertinent positives- chronic cough (6 months), progressive decrease in activity tolerance due to shortness of breath wheezing, history of smoking and was exposed to smoke as a child since his father smoked

Pertinent negatives-afebrile, nasal turbinates without redness or edema, Oropharynx moist, no lesions or exudate, denies sore throat, no family history of COPD

 

#2 Asthma

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways. The inflammation is associated with bronchial hyperresponsive, constriction of the airways, and variable airflow obstruction that is reversible. This causes wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. Contributing factors include exposure to allergens, environmental pollution, tobacco smoke, and obesity (GINA, 2019)).

 

 

Analysis:

Pertinent positives- wheezing, on beta blocker, obesity, previous smoker and exposed to smoke as a child since father smoked, cough worse in morning, activity intolerance due to shortness of breath

Pertinent negatives-respirations unlabored, no occupational exposure (senior accountant), no     known environmental allergies, no family history of asthma

 

 

#3 Heart Failure

Heart failure (HF) is a complex syndrome that results from any structural or functional impairment of ventricular filling or ejection of blood.  Risk factors include HTN, elevated cholesterol, obesity, diet, and physical inactivity. Symptoms of HF include dyspnea, fatigue, fluid retention, and exercise intolerance. These clinical symptoms result from disorders of the pericardium, myocardium, endocardium, heart valves, or from certain metabolic abnormities (Yancy et al., 2013).

 

ORDER Assignment: Comprehensive Case Study On COPD

Analysis:

Pertinent positives- shortness of breath, progressive activity intolerance, persistent productive cough, wheezing, HTN (155/94) Risk factors present: male, 62 yrs. old, history of HTN and smoking- Father has history CHF

Pertinent negatives- no edema in extremities, no JVD, heart rate 66 (no tachycardia)

Additional test or procedures:

Pulse oximetry- a simple non-invasive way to assess the patient’s arterial oxygen saturation. (GOLD, 2020). A decreased oxygen saturation may be present with COPD, Asthma, or HF. It is important to evaluate to determine if supplemental oxygen is needed.

Spirometry- Airflow limitation can be measure with spirometry. It is the most widely available and reproducible test of lung function (GOLD, 2020). This is a simple lung function test that can be used to diagnose asthma or COPD. An improvement of 12% and 200lm in the FEV1/FVC ratio after a bronchodilator indicates reversible airway obstruction. This would be helpful to differentiate asthma from COPD (Bringham & West, 2015).

Chest x ray- A chest-xray will not diagnose asthma or COPD, but it will be used exclude the presence of some other pulmonary or cardiac diseases (GOLD, 2020). It can show heart enlargement and fluid in the lungs which would help diagnose HF.

CBC- A CBC will check for anemia, (which occurs in advanced COPD with hypoxemia), infection, or eosinophilia which would indicate an allergic or asthmatic component (GOLD, 2020).

BNP-A lower BNP can exclude the presence of HF and a higher result has a reasonably high predictive value to diagnose HF (Yancy et al., 2013).

 

Reference:

Bringham, E. West, N., (2015). Diagnosis of asthma: Diagnostic testing. International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology, 5 (1). 527-530. doi: 10.1022/air.21597

Global Initiative for Asthma. Management and prevention for adults and children over 5 years old. (2019). Retrieved from https://ginasthma.org/gina-reports/

Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of COPD, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD). (2020). Retrieved from https://goldcopd.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/GOLD-2020-FINAL-ver1.2-03Dec19_WMV.pdf

Yancy, C. W., Jessup, M., Butler, J., Drazner, M., Geraci, S., Januzzi, J., Kasper, E., Masoudi, F., McMurray, J., Peterson, P., Sam, F., Tang, W., Wilkoff, B.  (2013). 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure. A report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/ American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines. Retrieved from http://www.onlinejacc.org/content/accj/62/16/e147.full.pdf?_ga=2.28012988.1211871446.1578704549-315720946.1563672617