NURS 3400 – Pathophysiology Exam 1

NURS 3400 – Pathophysiology Exam 1

NURS 3400 – Pathophysiology Exam 1

PATHPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 OVERVIEW

What is Pathophysiology?

 

Define Etiology

 

Define Pathogenesis

 

Define Clinical Manifestation

 

Define Epidemiology

 

Define Nosocomial

 

Define Idiopathic

 

Define Iatrogenic

 

What is a Risk Factor?

 

What is a Precipitating Factor?

A factor that causes the pathologic event

(Ex. Bee sting causes an allergic reaction)

 

What is an Intrinsic Factor?

 

What is an Extrinsic Factor?

 

NURS 3400 – Pathophysiology Exam 1

Etiological disease classification examples

• Intrinsic, nutritional– Iron deficiency
• Extrinsic, animate, fungus– Fungal infection
• Intrinsic, degenerative– Degenerative arthritis
• Idiopathic, unknown- Fever of unknown origin

 

What are Symptoms?

 

What are Signs?

 

What is a Local Infection?

 

What is a Systemic Infection?

 

What are the 4 stages of Clinical Course?

1. Acute vs Chronic? Exacerbation?3. Remission?4. Sequela

 

What are characteristics of an Acute disease/infection?

 

What are characteristics of a Chronic disease/infection?

 

What is Exacerbation?

 

What is Remission?

 

After how long is a disease considered to be in permanent remission?

After 5 Years

 

What is Sequela?

 

Define Stress

 

Individualized Influences on Stress Response

Age– due to lifetime experiences

Gender– a minor factor. Due to differences in coping strategies and support groups

Biological Cycles– (Ex. A women’s hormonal changes during menopause)

Culture– different cultures may perceive one thing as normal while others may see it as a stressor

Personality characteristics–

 

Who was the Doctor who worked to discover a new sex hormone but instead discovered stress symptoms?

 

What did Dr. Steyle develop?

 

NURS 3400 – Pathophysiology Exam 1

What are the 3 stages of the GAS?

 

Describe the Stage of Alarm

 

Describe the Stage of Resistance

 

Describe the Stage of Exhaustion

 

 

What is allostatic overload?

 

What is Allostasis?

 

Examples of stress related diseases and conditions

Obesity, heart disease, depression, diabetes, GI irritation

 

What is the purpose of Endorphins?

 

NURS 3400 – Pathophysiology Exam 1

Why is endorphin production is increased after surgery?

Decreases blood loss

 

Where is the Growth Hormone released?

 

Where is Prolactin released?

 

When are Growth Hormones present in high levels?

 

When is Prolactin present in high levels?

 

When is Oxytocin released in high levels?

 

Where is Oxytocin produced?

 

 

What is the stress response of the Nervous System?

 

 

What is the stress response of the Endocrine System?

 

What is the stress response of the Immune System?

Decreased immunity and inflammation

 

What is the Anticipatory Response?

 

What is an example of the Anticipatory Response?

 

What is the Reactive Response?

 

What is an example of the Reactive Response?

 

 

What is the Psychoneuroimmunologic Response?

 

What is the purpose of Neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the Psychoneuroimmunologic Response?

 

How do stressors vary from person to person?

 

What is Psychologic Distress?

 

What is Coping?

The ability to manage a stressful situation

 

What happens during Stress Age Syndrome?

 

What happens during Immunodepression?

 

What does HPA Axis stand for?

 

What does the Hypothalamus release in the HPA Axis?

 

What does the Anterior Pituitary release in the HPA Axis?

 

What do the Adrenals release in the HPA Axis? (3)

 

What are the effects of Glucocorticoids?

 

What do Mineral-Corticoids do?

 

NURS 3400 – Pathophysiology Exam 1

What do Catecholamines do?

 

What is Hypoxia?

Lacking oxygen

 

What is Ischemia?

Lacking Blood

 

What are some causes of Cell Injury?

 

Example of positive cellular adaption

 

What is Cellular Adaptation?

 

Example of pathological cellular adaption

 

What is Cellular Function altered by?

 

Types of Cellular Adaption

 

Define Atrophy

 

 

What are causes of Cell Atrophy?

 

Define Hypertrophy

-Cells become larger

-Results from physical and pathological needs

(Ex. Exercising and muscles get bigger)

However, hypertrophy is not always good, if heart cell gets larger due to the stress of pumping blood then it could potentially block the blood flow

 

…

 

What are Adverse Effects of Acetaminophen?

Hepatic Dysfunction, N/V, Pale Stools, Flank bruising, Petechiae (minor hemorrhage)

 

What are Nursing Considerations for Acetaminophen?

 

What Classification is Tramadol?

 

What are indications for Tramadol?

 

What is the MOA of Tramadol?

 

What are Adverse Effects of Tramadol?

 

What is the trade name for Tramadol?

Ultram

 

What Classification is Clonidine?

 

What are Indications for Clonidine?

 

What is the trade name for Clonidine?

 

What is the MOA of Clonidine?

 

What Classification is Morphine?

Opioid Narcotic Analgesic

 

What are the Indications for Morphine?

 

What is the MOA of Morphine?

 

What are Nursing Considerations for Morphine?

 

NURS 3400 – Pathophysiology Exam 1

What Classification is Demerol?

Opioid Narcotic Analgesic

 

What are Indications for Demerol?

 

What is the MOA of Demerol?

 

What are Adverse Effects of Demerol?

 

Which Lab Levels can increase due to use of Demerol?

 

What are Nursing Considerations for Demerol?

 

What Classification is Codeine?

 

What are Indications for Codeine?

What is the MOA for Codeine?

 

What are Nursing Considerations for Codeine?

 

What Classification is Butorphanol and Nalbuphine?

 

What are Indications for Butorphanol and Nalbuphine?

Moderate

 

What is the MOA for Butorphanol and Nalbuphine?

 

What are Nursing Considerations for Butorphanol and Nulbuphine?

 

What is the Trade Name for Butorphanol?

Stadol

 

What is the Trade Name for Nalbuphine?

 

What is the trade name for Aspirin?

 

What Classification is Naloxone?

 

What are Indications for Naloxone?

 

What is the MOA for Naloxone?

 

What are Adverse Effects of Naloxone?

 

What are Nursing Considerations for Naloxone?

May administer IV every 5 minutes

 

What is the trade name for Naloxone?

Narcan

 

What Classification is Penicillin G?

Natural Penicillin

 

What are indications for Penicillin G?

Infections caused by susceptible bacteria

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