Test Prep 8 – Neoplastic Disorders

Test Prep 8 – Neoplastic Disorders

Test Prep 8 – Neoplastic Disorders : NEOPLASTIC DISORDERS OF THE  URINARY SYSTEM

Renal tumours

Arise from the cortex or pelvis

?May be benign or malignant

?Malignant are more frequent than the benign

Renal adenocarcinoma(Renal cell carcinoma/Hypernephroma)

?most common tpye

?Men to women is 2:1

Wilm’s tumour –infants& children

Risk factors:

?Cigarette smoking

?Gender

?Family history

?A high-fat diet.

Course and prognosis

?Progress may be rapid with death

?Spontaneous regression  may occur

?Spread is by direct invasion ,lymphatic and heamatogenous routes to several body organs and systems

Treatment for Kidney Cancer

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Test Prep 8 – Neoplastic Disorders

Types of Bladder Cancer

?Squamous cell carcinoma- begins in squamous cells

vApprox.4 percent of bladder cancers are squamous cell carcinomas.

?Adenocarcinoma- begins in the cells of glandular structures lining certain organs in the body and then spreads to the bladder.

vAdenocarcinomas account for about 2 percent of bladder cancers

Grading and Staging Cancer

?Grade – differentiates the cells from normal tissue and estimates the rate of cancer growth.

?Stage – indicates the extent of spread if it has spread.

Stage 0 – Superficial cancer or carcinoma in situ cancer cells are found only on the inner lining of the bladder.

Stage I – cancer cells are found deep in the lining of the bladder,but have not invaded the bladder muscle.

Stage II – cancer cells are present in the muscle of the bladder.

Stage III – cancer cells have spread through the bladder muscle into the tissues around the bladder, such as the prostate in men or the uterus in women.

Stage IV – cancer has progressed further into the abdominal cavity, and may have spread to lymph nodes and other organs in the body.

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Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia/ Hypertrophy(BPH)

Def:enlarged prostate. BPH is the most common non-cancerous prostate problem.

BPH symptoms are often similar to those of prostate cancer.

Symptoms of BPH

?Leaking or dribbling of urine

?Frequent urination, especially at night

?Urgency to urinate,urine retention

?A hesitant, interrupted, weak stream of urine

The above may lead to:

?incontinence ,kidney damage

?bladder damage,urinary tract infections

?bladder stones

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