NURS 6501N-38 Wk5 Discussion – Cardiovascular System

NURS 6501N-38 Wk5 Discussion – Cardiovascular System

NURS 6501N-38 Wk5 Discussion – Cardiovascular System

Week 5: Cardiovascular System, Part 2

Although cardiovascular disorders are commonly associated with adults and older populations, these disorders are quite prevalent in children as well. Cardiovascular disease is the primary cause of death in people under the age of 24 (Children’s Hospital and Health System, 2012). Nevertheless, because it is considered a problem for adults, cardiovascular disorders within pediatric patients are often missed or ignored even when identified. As an advanced practice nurse, you must be able to distinguish normal pediatric cardiac function from abnormal function in order to identify these cardiovascular disorders. In a clinical setting, you might not actually manage and treat all identified disorders, but you need to be able to recognize them and refer patients for specialized care when necessary.

With this in mind, you continue your journey through the cardiovascular system. You examine the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disorders that are prevalent in pediatrics. Additionally, you explore the impact of patient factors on these disorders.

NURS 6501N-38 Wk5 Discussion – Cardiovascular System

Reference
Children’s Hospital and Health System. (2012). Cardiovascular disorders. Retrieved from http://www.chw.org/display/PPF/DocID/23020/router.asp

Learning Objectives – Students will:

• Evaluate the impact of patient factors on diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular alterations
• Analyze the physiologic progression of anaphylactic shock
• Evaluate the impact of patient factors on the physiological process of anaphylactic shock
• Understand and apply key terms, concepts, and principles related to alterations of the cardiovascular system specific to children

Learning Resources

Note: To access this week’s required library resources, please click on the link to the Course Readings List, found in the Course Materials section of your Syllabus.

Required Readings

Huether, S. E., & McCance, K. L. (2017). Understanding pathophysiology (6th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby.

 

• Chapter 23, “Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems”

This chapter examines the circulatory system, heart, systemic circulation, and lymphatic system to establish a foundation for normal cardiovascular function. It focuses on the structure and function of various parts of the circulatory system to illustrate normal blood flow.

 

• Chapter 24, “Alterations of Cardiovascular Function”

This chapter presents the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, evaluation, and treatment of various cardiovascular disorders. It focuses on diseases of the veins and arteries, disorders of the heart wall, heart disease, and shock.

NURS 6501N-38 Wk5 Discussion – Cardiovascular System

• Chapter 25, “Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children”

This chapter examines cardiovascular disorders that affect children. It distinguishes congenital heart diseases from acquired cardiovascular disorders.

 

Hammer, G. G. , & McPhee, S. (2014). Pathophysiology of disease: An introduction to clinical medicine. (7th ed.) New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.

• Chapter 10, “Cardiovascular Disorders: Heart Disease”

This chapter begins by exploring the normal structure and function of the heart. It then examines the etiology, pathophysiology, and clinical manifestations of five heart disorders: arrhythmias, congestive heart failure, valvular heart disease, coronary artery disease, and pericardial disease.

 

Jacobsen, R. C., & Gratton, M. C. (2011). A case of unrecognized prehospital anaphylactic shock. Prehospital Emergency Care, 15(1), 61–66. Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

 

This article provides information relating to the diagnosis and management of anaphylactic shock. It also explores difficulties encountered when diagnosing uncommon clinical presentations of anaphylactic shock.

Optional Resources

American Heart Association. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/

Million Hearts. (2012). Retrieved from http://millionhearts.hhs.gov/index.html

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/

NURS 6501N-38 Wk5 Discussion – Cardiovascular System

Discussion 2: Anaphylactic Shock

The treatment of anaphylactic shock varies depending on a patient’s physiological response to the alteration. Immediate medical intervention and emergency room visits are vital for some patients, while others can be treated through basic outpatient care.

Consider the January 2012 report of a 6-year-old girl who went to her school nurse complaining of hives and shortness of breath. Since the school did not have any medication under her name to use for treatment and was not equipped to handle her condition, she was sent to an emergency room where she was pronounced dead. This situation has raised numerous questions about the progression of allergic reactions, how to treat students with severe allergies, how to treat students who develop allergic reactions for the first time, and the availability of epinephrine in schools. If you were the nurse at the girl’s school, how would you have handled the situation? How do you know when it is appropriate to treat patients yourself and when to refer them to emergency care?

To Prepare

• Review “Anaphylactic Shock” in Chapter 24 of the Huether and McCance text, “Distributive Shock” in Chapter 10 of the McPhee and Hammer text, and the Jacobsen and Gratton article in the Learning Resources.
• Identify the multisystem physiologic progression that occurs in anaphylactic shock. Think about how these multisystem events can occur in a very short period of time.
• Consider when you should refer patients to emergency care versus treating as an outpatient.
• Select two patient factors different from the one you selected in this week’s first Discussion: genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, or behavior. Reflect on how the factors you selected might impact the process of anaphylactic shock.

By Day 4

Post an explanation of the physiological progression that occurs in anaphylactic shock. Then, describe the circumstances under which you would refer patients for emergency care versus treating as an outpatient. Finally, explain how the patient factors you selected might impact the process of anaphylactic shock.

Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses.

By Day 6

Post by Day 4 and Respond by Day 6

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