PSY 228 UNIT 4 QUESTIONS

PSY 228 UNIT 4 QUESTIONS

PSY 228 UNIT 4 QUESTIONS

Discussion1: Choosing and Using Single-System Design

Many people receive their first introduction to the scientific method in their early school years. The first experiments which students undertake typically involve plants, chemicals, or small animals in a tightly controlled experimental environment. These experiments enable students to establish a relatively clear cause-and-effect relationship between the outcome of the experiment and the manipulation of the variables.

As soon as a researcher introduces a human element, proving a cause and effect relationship becomes more difficult—as the researcher cannot enact total control of another person even in an experimental environment. Social workers serve clients in highly complex real-world environments. Clients often implement recommended interventions outside of social workers’ direct observation.

Yet, evidence-based research calls for social workers to establish cause-and-effect relations between selected interventions and client outcomes as much possible. To meet this challenge, social workers must understand the study designs available to them and all of the variations of that design that can increase the rigor of the experiment and improve the likelihood of verifying a cause-and-effect relationship. PSY 228 UNIT 4 QUESTIONS

In this week’s case study, you decide whether the social worker in the case study has appropriately chosen a single-system (subject) design and implemented it in such a way that it can be considered an appropriate example of evidence-based research.

To prepare for this Discussion, read the case study Social Work Research: Single Subject and criteria for using single-system (subject) designs as evidence of effective practices in this week’s resources. Consider whether the study design described in the case study will serve the purpose of evaluating the program’s practice approach (case management with solution-focused and task-centered approaches). PSY 228 UNIT 4 QUESTIONS

Consider whether these approaches are well suited to evaluation by the types of measurement used in the study. Consider to what objective measurement the numerical scales used to measure problem-change and task completion corresponds. Consider what new knowledge and evidence for the efficacy of the treatment approaches Chris has generated with her study.

· Post an evaluation of the proposed study design described in the case study file.

· Explain whether the outcome of Chris’ study with her client George would lead you to adopt the model of case management with solution-focused and task-centered approaches, and substantiate your choice.

· Provide recommendations for improvements should Chris and her colleagues wish to submit the study to the evidence-based practice registry.

· Include a rationale for your recommendations. PSY 228 UNIT 4 QUESTIONS

References (use 3 or more)

Dudley, J. R. (2014). Social work evaluation: Enhancing what we do. (2nd ed.) Chicago, IL: Lyceum Books.

· Chapter 9, “Is the Intervention Effective?” (pp. 226-244: Read from “Client Satisfaction & Effectiveness” to “Target Problem Scale”)

Document: Corcoran, K., & Hozack, N. (2010). Locating assessment instruments. In B. Thyer (Ed.), The handbook of social work research methods (2nd ed., pp. 65–74). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. (PDF)

Copyright 2010 by Sage Publications, Inc.

Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications, Inc. via the Copyright Clearance Center.

Document: Mattaini, M. A. (2010). Single-system studies. In B. Thyer (Ed.), The handbook of social work research methods (2nd ed., pp. 241–273). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. (PDF) PSY 228 UNIT 4 QUESTIONS

Copyright 2010 by Sage Publications, Inc.

Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications, Inc. via the Copyright Clearance Center.

Plummer, S.-B., Makris, S., & Brocksen S. (Eds.). (2014b). Social work case studies: Concentration year. Baltimore, MD: Laureate International Universities Publishing. [Vital Source e-reader].

Read the following section:

“Social Work Research: Single Subject” (pp. 70–72)

Tankersley, M., Cook, B. G., & Cook, L. (2008). A preliminary examination to identify the presence of quality indicators in single-subject research. Education & Treatment of Children, 31(4), 523–548.

Multiple Choice Questions (Enter your answers on the enclosed answer sheet)

1. Which early sociologist emphasized the role of society in the development of the self? PSY 228 UNIT 4 QUESTIONS

a. George Herbert Mead

b. Karl Marx

c. Georg Simmel

d. Herbert Blumer

2. Which sociological social psychology perspective emphasizes the role of meaning and the social construction of meaning in the study of social psychology?

a. symbolic interaction

b. social structure and personality

c. group processes

d. structural functional ism

3. Which sociological social psychology perspective is likely to emphasize the importance of roles and statuses in the study of social psychology? PSY 228 UNIT 4 QUESTIONS

a. symbolic interaction

b. social structure and personal ity

c. group processes

d. structural functionalism

4. Which sociological social psychology perspective is likely to emphasize the importance of interactions within groups?

a. symbolic interaction

b. social structure and personality

c. group processes

d. structural functionalism

5. The sociological imagination is associated with which social theorist? PSY 228 UNIT 4 QUESTIONS

a. Emile Durkheim

b. Max Weber

c. C. Wright Mills

d. Auguste Comte

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PSY 228 UNIT 4 QUESTIONS

6. The expectation to look someone in the eye when talking with them refers to a _

a. norm

b. role

c. value

d. belief

7. Derek’s job as a supervisor refers to his relative in the company while the

expectations for how to behave on the job refers to his _ PSY 228 UNIT 4 QUESTIONS

a. role; status

b. job; role

c. status; role

d. status; job

8. Which institution regulates sexual relations and child-rearing in society?

a. economy and work

b. politics

c. family

d. religion

9. Which institution refers to the rituals and beliefs regarding sacred things?

a. economy and work

b. politics

c. family

d. religion

10. Franklin did not think much about how the economy or society affects his life until he lost his job. Franklin’s internal processesing of his job loss best represents which principle from the social structure and personality perspective? PSY 228 UNIT 4 QUESTIONS

a. components principle

b. proximity principle

c. propinquity principle

d. psychology principle

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11. After Donna cheated on her most recent exam, she starts to feel a sense of guilt, making

her reconsider whether she wants to do it again. Donna’s feelings of guilt can be considered a ______ , according to the social structure and personality perspective, leading her to rethink her future behaviors.

a. social more

b. social norm

c. social force

d. social fear

12. Which of the following is considered a major dimension of group processes? PSY 228 UNIT 4 QUESTIONS

a. power

b. justice

c. legitimacy

d. All of the above.

13. Janelle wants to study how and why some people are able to tell other people what to do while others can not. What aspect of group processes is she studying?

a. power

b. status

c. justice

d. legitimacy

14. What social psychologist is most associated with the concepts of dyads and triads?

a. Emile Durkheim

b. August Comte

c. Herbert Blumer

d. Georg Simmel

15. The difference between dyads and triads is important because:

a. moving from a dyad to a triad exponentially increases the number of relationships available in an interaction. PSY 228 UNIT 4 QUESTIONS

b. moving from a dyad to a triad decreases the amount of intimacy possible in a group.

c. moving from a dyad to a triad exponentially decreases the number of relationships available in an interaction.

d. both a and b

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PSY 228 UNIT 4 QUESTIONS

16. A group of friends getting together for dinner represents a group while a group

of people at your work represents a group.

a. reference; primary

b. primary; reference

c. pri rnary: secondary

d. secondary; reference

17. Bob goes to the beach on a hot summer day and is surprised when he observes a group of people dressed in formal wear sitting in beach chairs amongst sunbathers. Bob was surprised

because the did not meet his expectations for that situation. PSY 228 UNIT 4 QUESTIONS

a. situation

b. social scripts

c. frame

d. All of the above.

18. require the researcher to weigh individual items differently.

a. Indices

b. Scales

c. both a and b

d. None of the above.

19. Which of the following methods is MOST likely to show causation?

a. ethnography

b. focus group

c. survey

d. experiment

20. An instructor developed a study to determine ways of producing more participation in his classes. In one class she provided free donuts everyday of class while in another she gave them nothing. She had her assistant takes notes on the number of comments and questions students made in each class. Which of these classes represent the control group? PSY 228 UNIT 4 QUESTIONS

a. the class not given the donuts

b. the class given the donuts

c. other classes that are not part of the experiment

d. both classes would be considered the control group

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PSY 228 UNIT 4 QUESTIONS

21. developed the field of operant conditioning; much of his work relied on

experiments using rats and pigeons.

a. Carl Jung

b. B.F. Skinner

c. Sigmund Freud

d. Joseph Berger

22. At what step in the research process does the researcher employ the library and other resources and conduct a literature review? PSY 228 UNIT 4 QUESTIONS

a. step 1

b. step 2

c. step 3

d. step 4

23. At what step in the research process does the researcher actually go out and collect data?

a. step 1

b. step 2

c. step 3

d. step 4

24. Research conducted by interviews, participant observations and ethnographies is referred to as what kind of research?

a. quantitative

b. qualitative

c. breeching

d. experimental

25. Social scientists must always be concerned with and to PSY 228 UNIT 4 QUESTIONS

accurately capture the phenomena in question.

a. truth and rei iabi I ity

b. reliability and validity

c. truth and validity

d. probability and validity

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Multiple Choice Questions (Enter your answers on the enclosed answer sheet)

1. Which of the following jobs is most likely to have an extensive set of feeling rules?

a. a cashier at McDonalds

b. a stay-at-home mother

c. a plumber

d. a farmer

2. Zurcher’s concept of emotional scripts most closely resembles what other concept reviewed in this chapter? PSY 228 UNIT 4 QUESTIONS

a. emotion rules

b. emotional energy

c. feeling rules

d. sentiment

3. Milan was a little perturbed when his boss refused to accept some flowers he had brought as a sign of his sadness over the loss of her sister. Which sympathy rule did his boss break?

a. Do not make false claims of sympathy.

b. Do not claim too much sympathy.

c. Claim some sympathy.

d. Reciprocate to other for their gift of sympathy.

4. Based on Lofland’s analysis of the role of culture in the expression of grief in society, which of the following places would have the hardest time coping with the loss of a child?

a. modern day America

b. modern day Europe

c. modern day Ethiopia

d. both a and b

5. Swidler’s research on love in American culture revealed what?

a. Americans find it hard to fall in love.

b. Americans initiate relationships based on a mythical view of emotional bonding between lovers. PSY 228 UNIT 4 QUESTIONS

c. Americans use a more realistic view of love to sustain relationships on a day-to-day basis.

d. both band c

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6. According to exchange theory and research, which of the following situations is most likely to produce a positive emotion?

a. an exchange in which people get the amount equal to their position in the group

b. an exchange in which you get as much as you gave

c. an exchange in which you get less than you gave

d. All of these exchanges will produce a positive emotion.

7. Accord i ng to the exchange theory, what senti ment is EXPECTED when you get more out of an exchange than you give?

a. sadness

b. guilt

c. happiness

d. joy

8. According to research and theory of group processes, how does power in relationships affect our emotions? PSY 228 UNIT 4 QUESTIONS

a. Relationships characterized as having equal power engender positive emotion.

b. Power makes us feel guilty in social exchanges.

c. Relationships characterized as having unequal power engender positive emotion.

d. Power gives us a positive feeling only when we deserve it during social exchanges.

9. Secondary emotions are _

a. learned through socialization

b. similar to sentiments

c. social emotions

d. All the above.

10. Your feeling that a district attorney has a lot of power refer to which dimension of affect control theory?

a. evaluation

b. potency

c. activity

d. strength

11. What emotion did wheelchair users employ when managing interactions with “stand-up” people in Cahill and Eggleston’s study of people with a handicap? PSY 228 UNIT 4 QUESTIONS

a. fear

b. humor

c. love

d. anger

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PSY 228 UNIT 4 QUESTIONS

12. Your friend, Chloe, goes through a bad break-up and her cat runs away all in the same week.

When you and Chloe are out to dinner one night you run into Sarah, a good friend of yours from school. Chloe expresses the tragedies that have befallen her the past week to Sarah who proceeds to listen and then changes the conversation. Once back to your dinner, Chloe expresses her dismay and hurt that Sarah did not seem concerned about her break-up or loss

of her cat. Sarah is upset because her were not met.

a. social scripts

b. emotional scri pts

c. sentiments

d. emotions

13. According to Randall Collins’ theory of interaction ritual chains, what role does emotion play in the mai ntenance of society?

a. Emotional energies provide the reason for maintaining interactions in society. PSY 228 UNIT 4 QUESTIONS

b. Emotional scripts provide information about how to behave in society.

c. Emotions give us cues as to whether we are performing our roles in society adequately.

d. Emotions exist within a series of “feeling rules” about how to behave in society.

PSY 228 UNIT 4 QUESTIONS

14. Which of the following jobs does NOT demand high levels of emotion work.

a. waitress

b. teacher

c. customer service agent

d. None of the above.

15. Steve turned to the people around him for help in deciding how to act at a local protest.

According to perception control theory, what form of perception control is he using?

a. independent instruction

b. interdependent instruction

c. organizational instruction

d. interactional instruction

16. What is the best predictor of an individual participating in a march or a riot?

a. her structural position

b. her concern over a social condition in society

c. her being asked to go to the event PSY 228 UNIT 4 QUESTIONS

d. her access to resources

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17. The vast majority of protests and other collective events have which kind of dispersal?

a. routine dispersal

b. emergency dispersal

c. coerced dispersal

d. active dispersal

18. Which of the following are typical behaviors at a large protest march?

a. People break off into a series of smaller groups.

b. People form lines to access various faci I ities.

c. People develop arcs and circles around speakers.

d. All of the above are typical behaviors.

PSY 228 UNIT 4 QUESTIONS

19.

_____ is thrill-seeking behaviors designed to produce intense emotions. PSY 228 UNIT 4 QUESTIONS

a. Potency

b. Edgework

c. Cyberneticism

d. None of the above.

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20. Enduring emotional meanings in a given society is known as _

a. fundamental sentiments

b. transient senti ments

c. emotional cues

d. emotion work

21. The debate as to whether or not you should stop and look at an accident while driving by,

possibly slowing down the traffic behind you, is an example of a _

a. social dilemma

b. free rider problem

c. group conformity

d. mass hysteria

22. Public radio-radio stations that rely, in part, on listener support to stay in business-run the risk of what problem? PSY 228 UNIT 4 QUESTIONS

a. a social dilemma

b. the free rider problem

c. group conformity

d. mass hysteria

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23. The use of is important to the forming of collective memories.

a. storytelling

b. collective behavior

c. collective emotion

d. framing

24. According to emergent norm theory. the is the type of person who

participates in the group out of curiosity.

a. ego-involved participant

b. curiosity seeker

c. concerned participant

d. insecure participant

25. Phase of collective behavior referring to the factors that bring people together into the same place at the same time. PSY 228 UNIT 4 QUESTIONS

a. gathering phase

b. homogeneity of mood

c. assembling phase

d. interpretive phase

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Discussion 2: Organizational Culture and Client Treatment

After reading the assigned resources about leadership types and skills, as well as information about attending to tasks and relationships, you may be starting to develop ideas about how an administrator’s leadership style and philosophy can either facilitate or limit social change efforts. The way in which social work administrators interact with diverse stakeholders such as clients, staff, board members, and community members, contributes to a model of service delivery that emphasizes quality and effectiveness.

· Post how a social work administrator’s personal leadership philosophy and style may influence a human services organization’s culture. PSY 228 UNIT 4 QUESTIONS

· Also, explain how the organization’s culture might influence a social work administrator’s personal leadership style.

· Finally, explain how interactions with stakeholders may ultimately impact the organization’s treatment of clients. Be sure to provide specific examples in your explanations.

References (use 2 or more)

Northouse, P. G. (2018). Introduction to leadership: Concepts and practice (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Sage.

· Chapter 3, “Engaging Strengths” (pp. 47-75)

· Chapter 4, “Understanding Philosophy and Styles” (pp. 77-96) PSY 228 UNIT 4 QUESTIONS

· Chapter 5, “Attending to Tasks and Relationships” (pp. 99-114)